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Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a commonly used method for detecting cardiac electrical activity in clinical practice. It diagnoses heart disease by recording changes in cardiac electrical activity. ECG leads, as a key component connecting the patient's body to the ECG instrument, play a vital role in the quality of ECG signals. This article will explore the relationship between ECG leads and ECG signal quality, as well as the factors that affect ECG signal quality.   First, let's take a look at the role of ECG leads. ECGs usually use 12 leads, which are divided into limb leads and chest leads. Limb leads include standard bipolar leads (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ) and pressurized leads (aVR, aVL, and aVF). These leads record the voltage difference between different electrodes to fully reflect the electrical activity of the heart. Chest leads (V1~V6) are placed on the chest to provide more detailed heart information. Correct placement of ECG leads is crucial. The electrodes of the limb leads should be placed on the right forearm (RA), left forearm (LA), right lower limb (RL) and left lower limb (LL). The positions of the chest leads include V1 to V6, which are placed at specific positions of the sternum, clavicle and axillary line respectively.   Secondly, the quality of the ECG lead wire directly affects the accuracy and clarity of the ECG signal. On the one hand, a good ECG lead wire can ensure good conductivity, that is, the lead wire itself should have good conductivity and can accurately transmit the cardiac electrical activity signal. On the other hand, a good lead wire should also have good anti-interference ability, which can reduce the impact of external interference on the ECG signal and ensure that the recorded ECG signal is clear and stable. However, there are many factors that affect the quality of ECG lead wires. The material and manufacturing process of the lead wire directly affect its signal transmission performance and anti-interference ability. Therefore, it is very important to choose a reliable quality ECG lead wire.   In addition to the factors of the lead wire itself, there are some external factors that also affect the quality of the ECG signal. For example, environmental interference, power supply interference, etc. may affect the clarity of the ECG signal. Therefore, when performing an ECG test, a quiet environment should be selected to minimize external interference. In addition, the performance of the ECG instrument itself will also affect the quality of the ECG signal, so choosing an ECG instrument with reliable quality is also the key to ensuring the quality of the ECG signal.   In general, the ECG lead wire is closely related to the quality of the ECG signal. A good ECG lead wire can ensure the accuracy and clarity of the ECG signal. When performing an ECG test, a reliable ECG lead wire should be selected to ensure that the lead is placed correctly, and at the same time, pay attention to reducing external interference to ensure the quality of the ECG signal.

ECG lead wires are an indispensable and important part of ECG testing. Correct use and maintenance of ECG lead wires are essential for obtaining accurate and clear ECG signals. During the monitoring process of medical staff, ECG lead wires need to be used and maintained correctly to ensure the accuracy and signal quality of ECG testing.   1. Correct use of ECG lead wires   (1) Select appropriate lead wires Different types of ECG tests require different numbers and types of lead wires, such as the standard 12-lead ECG lead wire. Before performing an ECG test, select appropriate lead wires according to the doctor's advice and test needs to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the test results.   (2) Correctly attach lead electrodes Correct placement of ECG lead wires is critical. Limb lead electrodes should be placed on the right forearm (RA), left forearm (LA), right lower limb (RL), and left lower limb (LL). The chest lead locations include V1 to V6, which are placed at specific locations on the sternum, clavicle, and axillary line.   (3) Ensure that the lead wires are firmly connected When connecting ECG lead wires, ensure that the connection between the lead wire and the ECG instrument and the lead electrode is firm and stable to avoid looseness or poor contact. Check the connection of the lead wire regularly and adjust or replace bad connection parts in time to ensure the normal transmission of ECG signals.   2. Maintain ECG lead wires   (1) Clean lead electrodes regularly The lead electrodes of ECG lead wires need to be cleaned regularly to ensure conductivity and signal quality. When cleaning the lead electrodes, use warm water and mild soap to gently wipe the surface of the lead electrodes. Avoid using alcohol or other irritants to avoid damaging the outer coating of the lead electrodes, thereby damaging the lead effect.   (2) Avoid bending and pulling the lead wires When using and storing ECG lead wires, avoid bending or excessively pulling the lead wires to avoid damaging the internal wires of the lead wires and affecting the conductivity. When storing the lead wires correctly, they should be placed in a flat, dry place to avoid moisture, heat or pressure to extend the service life of the lead wires.   (3) Check and replace the lead wires regularly ECG lead wires are consumables. After a period of use, they will age and wear out, which will affect the conductivity and signal quality. Therefore, regularly check the status of the ECG lead wires, such as appearance, connecting parts, etc., and replace aging or damaged lead wires in time to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the ECG test results.   The correct use and maintenance of ECG lead wires are essential for ECG testing. By selecting appropriate lead wires, correctly placing leads, maintaining stable connections, and regularly cleaning and checking the status of lead wires, you can ensure the accuracy and clarity of ECG signals and extend the service life of lead wires. Therefore, when performing ECG testing, it is important to pay attention to the correct use and maintenance of ECG lead wires to improve the accuracy and reliability of test results.

The China International Medical Equipment Fair (CMEF) is a world leading medical and health technology platform, provides a comprehensive display of technological advancements and solutions from across the entire medical industry chain. CMEF is dedicated to industry trends, technological innovation, and fostering future business opportunities and development, contributing to the global advancement of the medical industry.   Shenzhen Pray-Med Medical Technology Co., Ltd. #CMEF·Spring 2024 China International Medical Equipment Fair CMEF will be held at the Shanghai National Exhibition and Convention Center from April 11th to April 14th. Booth number: ZB38, Hall 7.1. Welcome to visit our booth.   Concurrent events include the International Manufacturing and Components Design Show (ICMD), Intelligent Health China (IHC), International Emergency, Rescue & Safe China (ERSC), China International Rehabilitation and Personal Health Show (CRS), the China International Elderly Care and Nursing Show (CECN), the ChinaInternational Home Care Exhibition (Lifecare), and Animal Health China (AHC).

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic technology that records the electrophysiological activity of the heart in time through the body wall, captured and recorded by electrodes in contact with the skin, and is commonly used in clinical diagnosis of heart disease. The overall goal of performing an ECG is to obtain information about the electrical function of the heart. The medical uses of this information are varied and often need to be interpreted in conjunction with knowledge of heart structure and physical signs.   The standard ECG is a 12-lead (leads) system, that is, 12 leads ECG, is the use of 12 leads located in the front and horizontal plane, record the electrical physiological activity of the heart in 12 different directions, can observe the depolarization wave from 12 different angles, and then judge the location of the myocardial damage according to the changes in the ECG. On paper, the 12 signals are usually arranged in four columns and three rows. The first column records the limb leads (I leads, II leads, and III leads). The second column records the pressurized unipolar limb leads (aVR,aVL, and aVF), and the last two columns record the chest leads (V1-V6).   However, sometimes this arrangement is not used, so it is very important to check the label of each lead. The 3 lead signals in each column are usually recorded and printed at the same time, and after a few cardiac cycles, go to the next column and start recording the 3 leads below. The heart rhythm may change as different columns are recorded. The length of each lead record can be short, usually only 1 to 3 heart cycles (depending on how fast or slow the heart rate is), so analyzing heart rate changes based on these images can be difficult. Therefore, 1 to 2 "rhythm bands" are often printed in the ECG record. The rhythm band usually selects 2 leads (this lead can most clearly display the ventricular electrical signal and P-wave), and shows the change of the heart rhythm throughout the ECG recording (usually 5 to 6 seconds). The rhythm band is also used for on-screen output during continuous ECG monitoring.   With this in mind, an abnormal ECG reading can have a number of causes, including:   1. Irregular heart rate The human heart usually beats 60-100 times per minute. A heart beating faster or slower than that can indicate an underlying problem with the patient's heart. Based on this, the doctor will want to conduct additional tests to find out the underlying cause.   2. Irregular heartbeat   3. Arrhythmia refers to a fast or slow heartbeat that exceeds the normal range. Tachycardia, bradycardia, or arrhythmia caused by abnormal automaticity or conduction of the heart. Mental tension, heavy smoking, drinking alcohol, drinking strong tea or coffee, excessive fatigue, serious insomnia are often induced factors of arrhythmia; Arrhythmias are particularly common in patients with heart disease and often occur during or after anesthesia, surgery, or surgery. An abnormal electrocardiogram of the shape of the heart gives doctors an idea of how well the heart is working in each specific area. Abnormal ECG test results may indicate that one area or part of the heart is larger or thicker than others. This can indicate that there may be some abnormality in the shape of the patient's heart, and treatment can be taken early. For example, a thickening of the heart can mean that the heart is trying too hard to pump blood. This may be due to congenital or acquired heart conditions.   4. Electrolyte imbalance Micronutrients such as electrolyte minerals are important for overall health, they also play a role in heart health, and even the presence or excess of these micronutrients can lead to abnormal ECG results. Electrolytes help conduct electricity in the body and help keep heart rate and rhythm consistent. An imbalance of electrolyte minerals such as potassium, sodium, calcium or magnesium can lead to abnormal readings and waveforms in the ECG.   5. Drug side effects Some drugs have mechanisms of action that can cause abnormal readings in the ECG. All patients who are tested should discuss any medications they are taking with their doctor prior to the test. Or check the list of side effects provided on the medication's packaging. Some medications that help balance heart rhythms may actually cause abnormal heart rhythms in some people. These drugs include certain beta blockers and sodium channel blockers. If a doctor believes that the type of medication a person is taking may be causing their symptoms, they may suggest alternative medications and follow up with a review to see how the individual responds to the new medication.   In the analysis process after the electrocardiogram examination, if the patient's test results do appear abnormal, the doctor will also carry out targeted treatment according to different circumstances. The doctor's treatment depends on the underlying problem. If a doctor suspects that an abnormal ECG is the result of normal variations in the human heart, they may recommend no treatment and only regular check-ups.   If an examination and review of your daily medication indicates that one drug is causing the abnormal reading, your doctor may recommend an alternative medication. If doctors suspect an electrolyte imbalance is the cause, they may recommend that the patient take a fluid or medication that contains electrolytes.   In general, there are many conditions that may lead to abnormal data and waveforms in the electrocardiogram results of the human body, in this case, it should be discussed with the medical staff based on their own circumstances, and further monitoring can be conducted if necessary to confirm the root cause.

With the continuous advancement of science and technology, brain-computer interface technology is increasingly becoming one of the focuses in the field of medicine and science. In this field, the emergence of disposable EEG sensors has attracted widespread attention. This innovative neuroscience research tool can provide medical staff and researchers with a more convenient and accurate way to collect brain electrical signals, thereby promoting the rapid development of the medical field and neuroscience.   Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method used to detect and record the electrical activity of the brain. It can help diagnose and analyze some brain diseases, such as epilepsy, encephalitis, brain tumors, etc. An electroencephalogram is performed by installing some electrodes on the scalp and then using an instrument to amplify and display the electrical impulses of the brain cells. The results of EEG are some waveform lines, which can reflect the functional status and abnormal changes of the brain. A disposable EEG sensor is a device that can collect electrical signals from the brain through electrodes on the skin surface or scalp without surgery. . This new type of sensor is favored by scientific research institutions and the medical field for its portability, ease of use, and low cost.   The advent of disposable EEG sensors has expanded the application fields of brain-computer interface technology. It can be used in brain-computer interface technology, which uses the brain's electrical signals to control external devices, or uses external devices to regulate brain activity. The main connections between disposable EEG sensors and brain-computer interface technology are as follows:   l Disposable EEG sensors can provide a non-invasive or minimally invasive way to connect brain-computer interfaces, avoiding the surgical risks and complications of invasive brain-computer interfaces, and also reducing costs and maintenance difficulties.   l Disposable EEG sensors can improve the signal quality and stability of the brain-computer interface because it can reduce the impedance between the skin and the electrodes, improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and avoid the displacement and fall-off of the electrodes to ensure the continuity of the signal. .   l Disposable EEG sensors can increase the flexibility and portability of brain-computer interfaces, because they can select different number and positions of electrodes according to different application scenarios and needs, and can also be easily replaced and discarded without complex cleaning. and disinfection process.   l Disposable EEG sensors can expand the application scope and fields of brain-computer interfaces, because they can be applied to more people and environments, such as the elderly, children, athletes, etc., and can also be used in homes, hospitals, schools, factories, etc. places to realize more functions and services, such as health monitoring, rehabilitation training, entertainment games, intelligent control, etc.   Compared with traditional EEG acquisition equipment, disposable EEG sensors have obvious advantages. First, its low cost enables more research institutions and medical institutions to purchase and use it, promoting basic research and clinical applications in brain science. Secondly, the portability of primary EEG sensors allows researchers to conduct experiments in a more natural environment, obtain more realistic EEG signals, and provide data with more reference value for research.   Disposable EEG sensors have achieved a series of successful cases in the fields of medicine and scientific research. In the medical field, EEG is established as the gold standard diagnostic procedure for the diagnosis of epilepsy. After disposable brain electrodes are used for long-term EEG monitoring of patients with epilepsy, they can provide doctors with more comprehensive information about the patient's condition and provide strong support for the formulation of treatment plans. In terms of scientific research, disposable EEG sensors are widely used in brain-computer interface research, laying the foundation for establishing a closer connection between humans and machines.   As an innovation in brain-computer interface technology, disposable EEG sensors show broad development prospects. With the continuous advancement of materials science, electronic technology and neuroscience, it is believed that disposable EEG sensors will achieve greater breakthroughs in the future. More advanced materials and processes will further improve the stability and sensitivity of sensors, and more complex signal processing algorithms will lead to more in-depth research on brain function. In the future, with the continuous advancement of technology, disposable EEG sensors are expected to become an important engine for the development of neuroscience research and brain-computer interface technology, promoting mankind's deeper understanding of the mysteries of the brain.

Preparations for AED use Before you use an AED, check for the following: Metal surface – Remove the casualty from contact with metal surfaces. These can conduct electric currents to the rescuer and put him/her at risk. Water – Sweat and moisture are good conductors of electricity and pose danger to the rescuer. If the cardiac arrest victim is submerged in water, remove them from the water body and dry areas of the chest where the electrode pads will be placed. Gas – Flammable gases and oxygen sources are fire hazards. Move the casualty away from these before applying AED.   Wet Casualty If there is sweat or moisture on the casualty's chest, wipe the chest wall dry before applying the AED pads. Always ensure that the chest is bare, clean and dry. Most AEDs come along with a small towel in their kit that can be used to speed up the process. Moisture reduces the adhesion of pads to the chest wall and will affect the effectiveness of AED shocks.   Medicated Patch AED pads should not be placed over any medicated patch. This can cause burns when the AED delivers a shock. Remove any medicated patch from the chest and clean any residue before applying the AED pads to the bare skin.   Hairy Chest Shave any chest hair if it prevents proper pad placement. A small razor is usually included in the AED kit to help the rescuer with this process.   Jewellery Any metallic jewellery such as necklaces and chains should be moved to the side of the chest and away from the pads. Jewellery can cause sparks and burns on the chest when the AED delivers a shock.   Tattoos Tattoos do not interfere with shock delivery. Rescuers can place the pads atop any tattoo.   Scars AED pads can be placed over scars on the chest. However, if the scar indicates the presence of a pacemaker or implanted cardiac defibrillator (ICD), place the AED pad four fingers away from the pacemaker.   Defibrillator Pad Placement   For Adults     1.Peel off the protective backing from the defibrillation pads. 2.Place one pad on the right side of the chest, just below the right collarbone. Apply the other pad just below and to the side of the left nipple. 3.Once the defibrillation pads have been applied, follow the regular defibrillation procedures. Plug in the connector and ensure that no one is touching the casualty when the AED is analysing heart rhythm.   For Women   The placement of defibrillation pads does not differ for female casualties.   Roll up the casualty's shirt or use the scissors in the AED kit to cut away any clothing that hinders the process. Place one electrode pad on the casualty's upper right chest under the collarbone, and the other electrode pad on the lower left side under her left breast. You can cover her up with her shirt after the AED pads are placed to protect her modesty. If there are other people around, we can also get them to form a human shield, facing outwards, to block the view of passers-by.   For Pregnant Women   Maternal cardiac arrest is rare. When such cases occur, steps to perform CPR and apply AED on the pregnant victim are the same as on a woman.   Performing these lifesaving techniques on a pregnant woman in cardiac arrest gives not just her, but the fetus a chance of survival.   For Cardiac Arrest Victims with a Pacemaker     Pacemakers regulate heartbeats when it detects any sign of arrhythmia. However, defibrillation is still necessary for cardiac arrest victims with a pacemaker as the device is not able to regulate VF.   To identify if the cardiac arrest victim has a pacemaker, look for a small bulge on their upper chest or abdomen. If the casualty has a pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), place the AED pad four fingers away from it.   For Children and Infant     AEDs can be used on children aged one year or older. Pediatric pads are preferably used for children below eight years old. Most AEDs come with pediatric pads. However, in an emergency where they are not available, an AED with adult pads can be used on children and infants as well.   The AED pads placement for children and infants does not differ from the adults. Defibrillation pads should be placed in the anterior lateral position, i.e. on the upper right chest and to the side of the left nipple. Ensure that the defibrillation pads do not touch and are at least 1-2 cm apart.   Pads placement on the chest is ideal for optimal defibrillation to occur. However, if the pads are touching, place the pads in the anterior-posterior (chest and back) position.   In the anterior-posterior pad placement, apply the right pad at the front of the chest, on the central sternum. Carefully turn the child or infant and apply the left pad on the upper back, between the shoulder blades. After the defibrillation pads have been applied, lay the child or infant on their back and proceed to follow the steps of using an AED.   How to Use an AED After placing the defibrillation pads, follow the steps below.   1. AED analysing When the AED starts analysing heart rhythm, no one should touch the casualty. Spread both arms out and shout "Stay Clear".   2. When the AED prompts: Shock advised Shout "Stay Clear" Ensure no one is touching the casualty before pressing the shock button. After shock is applied, resume chest compressions, and follow the AED prompts. No shock advised Resume chest compressions and follow the AED prompts. Stop CPR only when the AED is analysing heart rhythm, when the casualty wakes up or regains normal breathing, or when the paramedics take over.

The 32nd Russian International Medical Exhibition in 2023 ZDRAVOOKHRANENIYE     Exhibition time: December 04-08, 2023 Exhibition location: Exhibition location: Moscow Exhibition Center, Russia Expocentre Fairgrounds,Krasnopresnenskaya nab..14   The Moscow Medical and Rehabilitation Exhibition Zdravookhraneniye, Russia, is organized by the Russian ZAO Exhibition Co., Ltd. The exhibition is held once a year. The exhibition is also a very important platform for companies to open up the Russian market. Since its establishment in 1974, ZAO Company has successfully held many The exhibition has been organized for 42 years, attracting more than 3,000 companies from more than 40 countries to participate in its various exhibitions, and receiving more than 1.3 million visitors.   Since 2003, the exhibition organizers have been holding salons on X-ray diagnostic equipment, new treatment equipment, pharmaceutical products and food-assisted treatments, pharmaceutical technology, etc. at the exhibition, so exhibitors and visitors have the opportunity to see the latest instrument displays. Emerging technologies and the initial manufacturing process of pharmaceuticals, etc.   The last ZDravookhraneniye exhibition in Moscow, Russia attracted 700 exhibitors. The international medical, diagnostic, laboratory and pharmaceutical, and rehabilitation exhibition ZDRAVOOKHRANENIYE' is the largest, most professional and most influential medical exhibition in Russia. This exhibition It has all the quality certificates of international exhibition organizations, such as UFI - International Exhibition Union, RUFF - Russian Exhibition Union certification.   The results of the Decade’s current year will be traditionally summed up at Russian Health Care Week 2023, which will be held from 4 through 8 December 2023 at EXPOCENTRE Fairgrounds, Moscow.   We, Shenzhen Pray-Med Tech Co., Ltd., are also among them，welcome to visit us。   Medical market forecast: Chinese products are very popular in Russia, which is the best time for Chinese companies to explore the Russian market. It is understood that Russia’s total medical consumption has reached nearly 15 billion US dollars. With Russia officially becoming the 156th member of the World Trade Organization, the medical market is predicted to develop rapidly at a growth rate of 25% to 30%.   Although Russia has a large demand for medical products, its domestic medical industry has developed slowly, and medical demand is inversely proportional to production capacity. In the Russian Far East, imported medical products account for 80% of the medical market. Among new specialty drugs, imported drugs account for a larger proportion, and these best-selling imported drugs mainly come from 12 countries including Poland, Germany, Austria, and Bulgaria. The Russian market has a huge demand for drugs, medical devices and pharmaceutical equipment for the treatment of hypertension, heart disease, kidney disease, hepatobiliary disease and other diseases. At present, Russia mainly relies on large-scale imports of drugs and medical equipment from the West, and the prices are relatively high. Therefore, the high-quality and low-cost medical products produced in my country have certain competitive advantages in the Russian market, and the prospects are promising. We are waiting for you at Russia-Moscow Central Exhibition Center。

MEDICA 2023 - MEDICA trade fair in Germany   公司/Company： ShenZhen Prey-Med Tech Co.，Ltd.   时间/Dates: 13 - 16 November 2023 Monday - Thursday 10.00 a.m. - 6.00 p.m   地点/Location: Messe Disseldorf Stockumer KirchstraBe 61, 40474 Dusseldorf, Germany   MEDICA 2023, the renowned international trade fair dedicated to medical technology and products. This exciting event will be held in Düsseldorf from 13 to 16 November 2023,where a wide range of innovations and cutting-edge solutions in the field of medical and medical technology will be exhibited. We are excited to announce that Pray-Med will be an active participant in the event, showing our SpO2 sensors, ECG, EKG & EEG cable with lead wires, finger oximeter, temperature probes, blood pressure cuff & tubes, blood pressure transducers & connecting cable, EEG and EMG electrodes, ESU pencil & grounding pad, medical connector,mold making, medical cable & power cord, clinical experiment services & pressure infusion bag etc. Our products are widely used in monitors such as ECG, oximeter, electrocardiograph, holter, electroencephalograph, B- ultrasound & fetal monitoring etc. As a reliable partner, Pray-Med With wide product ranges, our products are perfectly compatible with most of import & domestic brands & models and we can provide OEM/ODM service to meet customers' special needs. You are cordially invited to visit us during MEDICA 2023. MEDICA is the largest event for the medical industry worldwide. For more than 40 years, it hasbeen a fixed event in the calendar of all experts. The unique position of MEDICA can bemeasured by many features: Firstly, the event is the world's largest medical trade fair of all - withseveral thousand exhibitors from more than 50 nations in the exhibition halls! in additionevery year outstanding personalities from business, research and politics honour the first-classevent with their presence - naturally alongside tens of thousands of national and internationaexperts and decision-makers from the industry like you as a trade visitor, ln Diisseldorf, you canexpect not only an extensive exhibition but also a sophisticated program, which togetherrepresent the complete spectrum of innovations for outpatient and clinical care. The "MEDICA Forums and Conferences" are an integral part of the trade fair. MEDICA offers freeforums, distributed throughout the exhibition halls, as well as interesting special shows andactivities. These include MEDICA CONNECTED HEALTHCARE FORUM with MEDICA START-UPCOMPETITION,MEDICA HEALTH IT FORUM, MEDICA ECON FORUM, MEDICA TECH FORUMand MEDICA LABMED FORUM. Conferences include the German Hospital Day (the leadingcommunication platform for decision-makers in German hospitals), the MEDICA MEDICINE +SPORTS CONFERENCE and the lnternational Conference on Disaster and Military Medicine(DiMiMED). Another highlight is the MEDICA START-UP PARK, where young innovativecompanies present the trends of the future in medical technology.

With the continuous advancement of technology in neonatal intensive care units, blood oxygen probes have become an important tool for monitoring the health status of newborns. It assesses the respiratory and circulatory system functions of infants by measuring the oxygen saturation (SpO₂) in the blood. Blood oxygen probes are usually placed on the palms or soles of newborns. However, due to the delicate skin and low blood flow of newborns, measurements in these areas are sometimes limited. Therefore, researchers began to explore other possible probe placement sites, including wrists and ankles.   In neonatal care, accurate oxygen saturation measurement is essential for timely detection and treatment of possible respiratory or circulatory problems. The basic principle of blood oxygen probe is to measure the proportion of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood through a photoelectric sensor. Since the vascular structure and skin characteristics of newborns are different from those of adults, measurements at different locations may affect the accuracy of the results. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to explore the feasibility and accuracy of placing probes at the wrists and ankles.   Based on the study by Phattraprayoon et al. in 2011, this paper aims to compare the blood oxygen concentration measurement results of the wrist and the palm of the same side, and the ankle and the sole of the same side in newborns. By analyzing the correlation and consistency between these different measurement sites, it is evaluated whether the wrist and ankle can be used as effective alternative measurement sites.   The study involved 150 newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. The researchers used blood oxygen probes to measure SpO₂ on the palm and ipsilateral wrist, and on the sole and ipsilateral ankle. Measurements were taken at the beginning, 30 seconds, and 1 minute. Using statistical methods, such as regression analysis and Bland-Altman plots, the research team analyzed the relationship between paired blood oxygen concentration measurements and calculated the mean difference and standard deviation.   The study found a high correlation between SpO₂ measurements at the palms and wrists, and similarly, significant correlations between measurements at the soles of the feet and ankles. These results show that wrist and ankle measurement readings are in good agreement with traditional palm and sole readings. Through the calculation and data analysis of the research results, whether it is the wrist or ankle, the difference and accuracy of the blood oxygen concentration measurement results at the wrist and ankle are within a reasonable range and can meet the clinical monitoring requirements.   Using the wrist and ankle as sites for blood oxygen probe placement has several potential advantages in clinical monitoring. First, the skin in these areas is thicker and blood flow is relatively high, potentially providing more stable readings. Second, the wrist and ankle provide additional options for those infants with limitations on the palms and soles of the feet, such as skin lesions, injuries, or positional limitations. Additionally, in emergency situations, obtaining SpO₂ readings quickly and accurately is critical for medical decision-making. By increasing the choice of measurement sites, medical staff can respond to various situations more flexibly.   However, the research also points to potential limitations. For example, because the wrists and ankles are measured further eccentrically than the palms and soles of the feet, they may be affected by external factors such as temperature changes and external pressure. Furthermore, the choice of measurement site may need to be tailored to individual circumstances. For example, premature infants may require special attention due to their incompletely developed skin and vascular systems.   Taken together, this study provides valuable data on pulse oximetry measurements at the wrist and ankle of neonates. The results showed good agreement between wrist and ankle SpO₂ measurements and traditional palm and sole results. Based on these findings, the wrist and ankle can serve as effective alternative measurement sites, especially when traditional sites are unavailable or difficult to measure. Future studies can further explore the applicability of these measurement sites in different clinical situations to optimize monitoring methods in neonatal care.

ECG leads are an indispensable and important tool in the field of medical emergency. These leads are special cables used to connect the ECG machine to the patient's body to collect and transmit electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. During the emergency process, the correct use of ECG leads can provide key information to help medical staff quickly assess the patient's heart health and take appropriate treatment measures to effectively rescue.   For doctors, ECGs convey a lot of information about the structure of the heart and the function of its electrical conduction system. ECG examinations are not only valuable for the diagnosis of some cardiovascular diseases such as chronic ischemic heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, pericarditis, pulmonary embolism, and arrhythmias, but also have important auxiliary value in the diagnosis of hereditary ion channel diseases, abnormal cardiac structure, electrolyte disorders, etc. An electrocardiogram usually consists of 12 leads, of which 6 are limb leads (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, aVR, aVL, aVF) and the other 6 are chest leads (V1~V6). Limb leads are electrodes connected to the limbs, and chest leads are electrodes attached to the chest. Limb leads include standard bipolar leads (Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ) and pressurized leads (aVR, aVL and aVF). Each lead provides a different perspective of the heart's electrical activity.   In first aid, the application of ECG leads usually involves the following aspects:   1. Heart rhythm monitoring: ECG leads are used to monitor the patient's heart rate and rhythm. By observing the ECG waveform, medical staff can quickly identify arrhythmias or other heart problems and take timely measures.   2. Diagnosis of myocardial infarction: ECG leads are also used to diagnose myocardial infarction in first aid. Myocardial infarction is usually accompanied by specific ECG changes, such as ST segment elevation or depression. By analyzing the ECG, medical staff can identify myocardial infarction as early as possible and take appropriate treatment measures.   3. Myocardial ischemia assessment: In emergency treatment, ECG leads can also be used to assess myocardial ischemia. Myocardial ischemia is usually manifested as ST segment changes, such as ST segment elevation or depression. By monitoring these changes, medical staff can assess whether the patient has myocardial ischemia and take timely treatment.   4. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrest: ECG leads play a vital role in emergency treatment of cardiac arrest. Through ECG monitoring, medical staff can determine the presence of cardiac arrest and immediately start emergency measures such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation and use of defibrillators.   5. Monitoring treatment effects: During emergency treatment, ECG leads can also be used to monitor treatment effects. For example, after defibrillation with a defibrillator, medical staff can evaluate the defibrillation effect by observing the ECG waveform and take further treatment measures as needed.   ECG leads play an irreplaceable role in emergency treatment, providing medical staff with critical cardiac electrical activity information, helping them to quickly assess the patient's cardiac health and take appropriate treatment measures. Correct use and interpretation of ECG lead information is of great significance to improving emergency treatment efficiency and reducing patient risks.

​◆Shenzhen Pray-Med Tech Co.Ltd ◆position number：15L36 ◆Conference time: October 28-31, 2023 ◆Meeting location: Shenzhen, China， Shenzhen International Convention and Exhibition Center (Baoan)   ◆Meeting Introduction: CMEF (full name: China International Medical Equipment Fair) was founded in 1979. It is held twice a year in spring and autumn, including exhibitions and forums. After more than 40 years of accumulation and precipitation, the exhibition has now developed into an internationally leading global event covering the entire medical device industry chain, integrating product technology, new product launches, procurement trade, brand communication, scientific research cooperation, academic forums, and education and training. Comprehensive service platform. The exhibition content covers tens of thousands of product technologies and services across the entire industry chain including medical imaging, medical testing, in vitro diagnostics, medical light and medical electronics, hospital construction, smart medical care, and smart wearable products. In order to give full play to the leading role of the comprehensive platform, the organizers have innovatively launched more than 30 subdivided industry clusters at the exhibition site in recent years, including artificial intelligence, CT, nuclear magnetic resonance, operating room, molecular diagnosis, POCT, rehabilitation engineering, rehabilitation assistive devices, and medical ambulances. Focus on displaying the latest scientific and technological achievements in the industry. Up to now, the exhibition attracts more than 7,000 medical device companies from more than 30 countries and regions around the world to participate in the exhibition every year, more than 2,000 industry academic experts and business elites, and 200,000 government procurement agencies and hospital buyers from more than 100 countries and regions around the world. Professional audiences such as dealers and agents came to visit and purchase and exchange experiences. Welcome, we are waiting for you at 15L36    

Electrocardiography (electro-cardio-graphy = EKG) is a test that records the electrical activity and rhythm of the heart. The medical device used for this test is the EKG device. These devices facilitate the examination of the physician by converting the electrical signals into a graphical form. It can be used both in family health centers and hospitals, as well as in workplace medicine. Recently, EKG devices are used even in homes. Special devices called EKG holters stay connected to the patient for 24 hours and record the electrical activity of the heart. It is often used by cardiologists. There are also devices available in hospitals and cardiology centers where a patient's EKG is tested on a treadmill, known as a cardiac stress test. These are called stress EKGs. It is very important that there is no interference in the test for the correct interpretation of the graphics resulting from the test. EKG devices are very sensitive to electromagnetic fields. For this reason, regardless of the brand model, there is a possibility of interference in the outputs of the devices. The factors that negatively affect the devices can be prevented by some precautions to be taken. The factors that negatively affect EKG devices can be examined under five main headings.   Can Incorrect Placement of Electrodes Cause Incorrect Measurement? Due to incorrect placement of the ECG electrodes, the direction of the test plot may appear upside down and results may therefore be misinterpreted. Reverse connection of electrodes, especially placed on arms and legs, can cause this condition. After the electrodes are connected, they need to be checked. In addition, the electrodes placed on the chest wall must be positioned correctly. Otherwise, erroneous or parasitic results may occur. Incorrect electrode placement is common. It is a problem that can be easily corrected by returning the electrodes placed on both the chest (V1-V6 electrodes placed on the rib cage) and the extremities to the correct position as soon as the error is noticed.   What are the Conditions Affecting Electrical Activity? EKG devices, which are based on measuring the electrical activity of the heart, are adversely affected by electromagnetic fields. Especially other equipment in the ECG room and electrical cables inside the wall can disrupt the ECG signals. The thick and vibrating isoelectric line in the graph, which is normally expected to be straight despite the electrodes being connected correctly, indicates that the signals are affected. The isoelectric line is the line that lies between the waves on the EKG chart and is normally a straight line. Since this problem may occur due to other devices connected to wall electrical outlets, devices that do not require continuous use should be unplugged to solve the problem. In addition, performing the test by placing the patient and the ECG device away from other devices can prevent interference. Apart from this, metal accessories on the person undergoing EKG testing may also cause interference. It is beneficial to remove accessories such as belt buckles, rings, necklaces, earrings and watches during the test.   How Does the Activity of Skeletal Muscles Affect the ECG Result? Electrical signals may be more intense when the person being tested feels uncomfortable, has muscle tension, moves or talks. Moving skeletal muscles can generate electrical signals that can be detected by EKG devices. In addition, muscle vibrations due to Parkinson's disease, anxiety and tremor can also cause parasite formation. Muscle activities in the body can be detected by spike-like or bumpy fluctuations on the isoelectric line. Shifts in the isoelectric line may occur due to the movement of the chest wall during breathing. The fact that the patient does not move or speak makes the test result more accurate.   Does Weak Signal Transmission Affect the EKG Test? The correctness of the position of the electrodes as well as the skin contact should be sufficient. Otherwise, it may cause interference in the test result. The presence of dirt, oil, sweat, hair or dead skin cells in the area of ​​the electrodes adversely affects the contact. In order to provide better signal transmission, it is necessary to clean the skin and apply sufficient gel to the electrodes. Another reason for poor signal transmission is cables. Cracks and breaks in the cables or electrode cables used in EKG devices adversely affect the signal transmission. Also, tension in cables can cause poor signal transmission. In cases where there is no signal transmission due to the cable, the electrical activity recorded by the electrodes is seen as a dotted line as a result of the test. In this case, checking the cables and electrodes and replacing them if necessary will solve the problem.   How Does the Quality and Durability of the EKG Device Affect the Test Result? Electronic cards, sensors and accessories on the devices may affect the measurement results. The quality of the software is as important as the hardware of the devices. Some devices prevent interference thanks to algorithms developed as software. Choosing high quality and proven brands prevents many problems that may occur. Especially in second-hand ECG devices, problems with signal transmission can be seen. Interference with these devices may be caused by the device and cables. In particular, the wear of the cables over time can adversely affect the measurement results. For this reason, it is necessary to pay attention to the quality of the device and accessories when buying a second-hand ECG device. Choosing reliable vendors in this regard prevents potential problems.

Methods of measuring oxygen saturation include: Pulse oximeter Blood gas test Pulse oximeter     What is a pulse oximeter? Oxygen is carried in human red blood cells by a molecule called hemoglobin. Pulse oximeter measures the amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin in the blood. This is called oxygen saturation and is a percentage (out of 100). It is a simple, painless test that is usually measured using a blood-oxygen sensor placed on the tip of your finger or on your earlobe. For example, Yumi Medical provides finger clip blood oxygen probe, soft finger sleeve blood oxygen probe, ear clip blood oxygen probe, disposable blood oxygen probe.     What is the use of pulse oximeter? People with lung disease may have lower than normal blood oxygen levels, so a pulse oximeter can help diagnose if there is a problem.   The more damaged your lungs are, the more likely you are to have oxygen problems. Pulse oximeters can also be used to measure how badly a person's lungs have been affected.   It can also be used to measure your oxygen levels over a period of time, such as during exercise such as walking or while asleep.       How to prepare for pulse oximeter test? Nail polish or fake nails can block light and affect reading results. Therefore, it is necessary to clean your nails when taking measurements in order to obtain accurate results.   Pulse oximetry results can be affected by medical conditions including anemia and Raynaud's syndrome.   The working principle of pulse oximeter   A pulse oximeter measures how much light is absorbed into your blood. This tells us how much oxygen is in our blood.   The pulse oximeter emits two beams of light through your finger tip or earlobe: a red one and an infrared one.   Blood with a lot of oxygen absorbs more infrared light and lets more red light through.   Blood without enough oxygen absorbs more red light and lets more infrared light through.   If blood cells don't have enough oxygen, they appear bluer. Can a pulse oximeter test be performed at home?   The portable finger clip oximeter can be used for self-testing at home. In the post-COVID-19 era, the domestic nail oximeter market is in full swing and has become a must-have product for families. The finger clamp oximeter produced under the supervision of Pray-med has many advantages: 4 main parameters, OLED screen, quick measurement of 5S value, anti-motion function, comfortable to wear, high quality and low price. Please contact our sales representative for consultation and purchase.   What about the measurement results?   The oximeter display displays the percentage of oxygen in the blood. For healthy people, normal oxygen saturation levels are around 95-100%. If oxygen levels fall below this, it indicates lung problems. People with low oxygen levels may need extra oxygen or other treatment. Your healthcare professional will discuss this with you. Current guidelines recommend that people with a resting stable oxygen saturation of 92% or less should be referred for a blood gas assessment to determine whether oxygen therapy is appropriate.   A change in oxygen levels could mean that your lungs are in worse shape.   For patients with pneumonia and children with lung problems, oxygen saturation helps determine the need for hospitalization.       What happens if the tests show low oxygen levels?   If the monitoring results show low oxygen saturation, the patient should start oxygen therapy, and after oxygen therapy, the blood oxygen saturation is checked again to see if it is normal.  

A pulse oximeter is a small device that can measure the oxygen saturation in your blood. Pulse oximetry is useful for people with chronic lung or heart conditions, who need to monitor how well oxygen is being sent from the heart and lungs out to the furthest parts of the body. To use a pulse oximeter, you'll clip the device on your toe, finger, or earlobe — here's to use it properly so you can get an accurate reading. A pulse oximeter is a small device that typically clips on to your finger, toe, or earlobe to measure oxygen levels in the blood.   Pulse oximetry is a quick and easy way to determine how well oxygen is being sent from the heart and lungs out to the furthest parts of the body, which can help determine if your heart and lungs are functioning properly.   Pulse oximeters can be used to gauge warning signs for chronic lung or heart conditions, and may help determine whether you should seek medical attention for the coronavirus.   Here's what you need to know about what exactly a pulse oximeter measures, how it works, and how you can use it properly.   What does a pulse oximeter measure? A pulse oximeter measures the oxygen saturation of your blood. Essentially, this percentage is a calculation of how much oxygen is in the blood, with 100% being 'fully saturated' and the optimal level.   And while this simple non-invasive medical tool is available over the counter in many pharmacies, it's not necessary for most people.     Those with lung or heart conditions — such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or heart failure — may be prescribed home oxygen therapy by their doctor, says Rizzo, and a pulse oximeter can help them to monitor whether the use of oxygen at home is improving their condition or not.   Pulse oximeters have also been used to indicate severe cases of COVID-19. That's because the coronavirus can cause a decrease in blood oxygen levels — though if this occurs, it's likely that you'll recognize other symptoms before needing to use a pulse oximeter.   In fact, Rizzo says that oxygen saturation by itself is often not the best indicator of medical conditions, and other symptoms are just as important to tell your doctor.   Other warning signs of low blood oxygen levels may include:   Increased heart rate increased breathing rate Feeling shortness of breath or gasping for air Inability to do an activity that you did before without getting out of breath   How to read a pulse oximeter According to WHO, a reading of 95% to 100% on the pulse oximeter is considered healthy and isn't a cause for concern.   If you have no underlying medical conditions, your levels should generally be at 95 or higher. But for people with chronic conditions, it's important to talk with your doctor about what the appropriate reading should be for you, and when you should seek medical attention.   For reference, lower levels of blood oxygen saturation may indicate:   Blocked airways Difficulty breathing Lung infection Poor blood circulation Drug interference from anesthesia, muscle relaxants, or anaphylaxis In addition, if your pulse oximeter reading drops during exercise, Rizzo says it can be a sign of an underlying lung or heart condition and you should speak with your doctor.

Member units of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism (Leading group and headquarters) of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for COVID-19 response, and the mechanism of The State Council for COVID-19 Response:   Recently, all localities and departments have thoroughly implemented the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and The State Council, adhered to the ninth edition of the prevention and control plan, implemented 20 optimization measures, and continued to rectify the problem of increasing layers, with positive results. In light of the current epidemic situation and the mutation of the virus, in order to make the prevention and control work more scientific and precise, and effectively solve the outstanding problems in the prevention and control work, we hereby notify the following matters concerning further optimization and implementation of the epidemic prevention and control measures:   First, scientifically and accurately delineate risk areas. High risk zones shall be delimited according to building, unit, floor and household, and shall not be arbitrarily extended to residential districts, communities, streets (towns) and other areas. No form of temporary containment shall be adopted.   Second, further optimize nucleic acid detection. Nucleic acid testing will not be carried out by all personnel in administrative regions, and the scope and frequency of nucleic acid testing will be further reduced. Antigen testing may be carried out according to the needs of epidemic prevention. Employees in high-risk positions and personnel in high-risk areas shall undergo nucleic acid testing in accordance with relevant regulations, and other personnel are willing to be fully tested. Except for nursing homes, welfare homes, medical institutions, nursing homes, primary and secondary schools and other special places, they are not required to provide a negative nucleic acid test certificate and do not check the health code. Important organs, large enterprises and some specific places can determine their own prevention and control measures. The negative nucleic acid test certificate and health code will no longer be checked for trans-regional mobile workers, and landing inspections will no longer be carried out.   Third, optimize and adjust the isolation mode. Infected people should be treated in a scientific manner. Asymptomatic infected people and mild cases who are qualified for home isolation are generally quarantined at home, or they can voluntarily choose to be placed in centralized isolation and treatment. Health monitoring should be strengthened during home isolation, and the Ct value of nucleic acid detection should be ≥35 for two consecutive times on the sixth and seventh day of isolation. Patients with worsening conditions should be transferred to designated hospital for treatment in time. Close contacts who are qualified for home quarantine should be quarantined at home for 5 days, or they can voluntarily choose to be quarantined at a centralized level, and be released after a negative nucleic acid test on the fifth day.   Fourth, we will implement the "fast sealing and quick solution" for high-risk areas. If there is no high risk of new infection for 5 consecutive days, it should be unsealed in time.   Fifth, we will ensure the people's basic demand for medicine. Local pharmacies should operate normally and not be shut down at will. People should not be restricted from purchasing over-the-counter medicines such as antipyretic, cough, antiviral and cold medicines online or offline.   Sixth, accelerate the vaccination of the elderly against COVID-19. Local governments should adhere to the principle of full coverage, focus on raising the vaccination rate of people aged 60-79, and speed up the increase of the vaccination rate of people aged 80 and above, and make special arrangements. Through the establishment of green channels for the elderly, temporary vaccination sites, mobile vaccination vehicles and other measures to optimize vaccination services. Training on inoculation contraindications should be carried out step by step to guide medical staff to determine inoculation contraindications scientifically. The whole society should be mobilized to participate in the mobilization of the elderly to vaccinate. Local governments can take incentive measures to mobilize the initiative of the elderly to vaccinate.   Seventh, we will strengthen the health survey and classified management of key groups. We will give full play to the role of grassroots medical and health institutions as "gatekeepers" for the health of family doctors, get a clear picture of the elderly with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, COPD, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, tumors, immune deficiency and other diseases and their vaccination status, and promote graded and classified management.  

Mention hypertension, we all know, to regularly monitor blood pressure, pay close attention to blood pressure changes, but the vast majority of people do not know is that hypertension patients in addition to monitoring blood pressure, but also pay attention to regular monitoring of the ECG! Why should hypertension measure ECG?   Hypertension is the most common chronic noninfectious disease, and also the largest cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. At present, cardiovascular death accounts for more than 40% of the total deaths, among which 50% of myocardial infarction is related to hypertension, and 40%~50% of heart failure is due to hypertension. For patients with a long history of hypertension, if hypertension is not controlled for a long time, it will increase the heart load. Over time, the heart muscle will be hypertrophy, oxygen consumption will increase, resulting in myocardial strain and myocardial ischemia, and long-term development may lead to coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cardiac insufficiency, heart failure and other conditions. And heart abnormalities may also lead to inaccurate blood pressure measurements!   "Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on Heart Rate Management in Hypertensive Patients in China (2021 edition)" points out that when arrhythmia, especially atrial fibrillation, pulse palpation, electronic sphygmomanometer or ambulate blood pressure measurement may cause errors, and patients are advised to use home automatic sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure while recording heart rate.   Therefore, through the monitoring of electrocardiogram, the abnormal condition of the heart can be diagnosed in time, but also can reflect the condition of the patient's blood pressure, to provide a favorable basis for diagnosis and treatment. What signal does hypertension cause heart disease?   1. Cyanosis   High blood pressure will seriously affect their own circulatory system, because the blood is not smooth, there will be local ischemia and hypoxia. If the location of the lesion is in the heart, it may cause obvious symptoms of the whole body and limbs, including the blueness of the skin mucous membranes and the extremities.   2. Short of breath   In light activity or immobility, breathing difficulties or shortness of breath and other conditions, sometimes accompanied by cough, expectoration, this is generally caused by left heart dysfunction symptoms.   3. Edema of lower limbs   Lower limb edema is the main manifestation of right heart dysfunction, which is generally visible lower limb edema, finger pressure will have obvious depression, and the skin rebound speed is slow. In severe cases, the skin may not bounce back and will feel tight when touched.   4, jugular vein rage   Jugular vein is a blue vein on the clavicle extending to the direction of the earlobe. It is generally the thickness of the little finger. If it is only visible in the form of anger, it is generally caused by right heart insufficiency.   5. Suddenly stand up   This situation is generally in the angina attack period, belongs to a forced position, work or when walking suddenly attack angina pectoris, the general body will be broken, immediately stop activities, but also involuntary hand to hold the anterior heart area, until the pain relief can again activity.   6. Compulsive squatting   Compulsive squatting is generally in this type of dry congenital heart disease, due to the occurrence of palpitations and asthma symptoms, only squat to slightly relieve symptoms, is a typical manifestation of this heart disease.   7. Special face   Patients with chronic high blood pressure, blood circulation and physical quality will be reduced, so it is natural to have a special appearance. If the heart disease has occurred to an advanced stage, the appearance of the disease is generally pale and purple, is the expression of insufficient blood supply, if the face is dark red, is the characteristic of rheumatic heart disease mitral valve stenosis.     So check your blood pressure regularly and take care of your health

Electrocardiogram everyone is familiar with, hands and feet on the clamp, chest connected with electrodes, lying equal nurse test can be. This is a traditional static electrocardiogram, but there are also tests that require you to run on a treadmill or ride a bike to measure the electrocardiogram. Why would you do that? Patients with coronary heart disease should know. Ekg on a treadmill and a spinning bike There are many kinds of electrocardiograms. There are resting electrocardiograms during routine physical examination, and there are also electrocardiograms during exercise. This is the exercise stress test. The ECGexercisetest (exercisetest) is an exercisetest to increase the heart load through exercise and to increase the oxygen consumption of the heart muscle. It is commonly used in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of coronary heart disease and other diseases.   Why should this examination method be carried out in the state of exercise? What diseases can be detected? What are the precautions? Let's take a look. Why can't the ECG be done quietly?   Many heart problems do not occur when patients are emotionally stable and quiet. Because the body's need for blood is not high in the quiet state, even coronary heart disease is difficult to develop symptoms of myocardial ischemia, such as chest pain. Therefore, treadmill and cycling can increase the burden of the heart and increase the oxygen consumption of the myocardium, thus resulting in a state of myocardial ischemia. The blood supply capacity of the heart can be judged comprehensively according to the amount of exercise, clinical manifestations, hemodynamics and electrocardiogram responses.   Who needs an exercise stress test?   ▲ People with chest pain In people who are unsure of the cause of chest pain, exercise tests can be used to rule out whether the chest pain is caused by coronary heart disease.   ▲ High-risk groups of coronary heart disease Because people at high risk of coronary heart disease may have occult coronary heart disease, exercise load test is one of the effective methods to assist the diagnosis.   ▲ Arrhythmia population Exercise test is an examination method of whole-course ECG monitoring, which can be used for screening of arrhythmia.   ▲ Patients after myocardial infarction Exercise tests in patients after myocardial infarction can be evaluated as follows:   1. Risk stratification and prognosis assessment of patients; 2. Cardiac function reserve of the amount of exercise of patients after discharge, including housework and workload assessment, as well as the assessment of exercise as a comprehensive reduction of cardiac risk and cardiac rehabilitation; 3. Evaluate the adequacy of the patient's medication and the need for additional diagnostic or therapeutic measures. Is the inspection expensive? The cost of exercise test is generally between 150 and 300 yuan, the price is moderate, but the specific price and reimbursement should be based on the specific policy of the hospital where the patient is located. Contraindications and recommendations for exercise testing Note that not all people are suitable for the treadmill test. Exercise treadmill test should not be performed if:   1. Acute myocardial infarction; 2. Patients with severe arterial stenosis; 3, acute myocarditis or pericarditis; 4. High-risk unstable angina pectoris; 5. Congestive heart failure; 6. Severe arrhythmia; 7. Severe hypertension, blood pressure ≥160/90mmHg; 8. Patients with electrolyte disorder; 9. Mental and physical conditions do not permit exercise; 10. All kinds of acute infectious diseases and drug poisoning.   It can be seen that although exercise test can detect and evaluate coronary heart disease and monitor and record ECG, it is not suitable for all patients, and exercise test cannot be performed in many special cases and some patients. Therefore, for their own need to do exercise test, must follow the doctor's opinion, under the doctor's guidance for their own relevant examination, as well as early diagnosis and treatment of disease.

Researchers say people with high blood pressure have a higher risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19. They add the type of medication used by study participants didn’t appear to have an impact. Experts say having normal blood pressure is good for overall health as well as specific conditions and the risk of heart attack or stroke. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness, according to a studyTrusted Source published today in the journal PLOS ONE. Researchers, in fact, said they found that high blood pressure is one of the most common comorbidities in people with COVID-19. The scientists analyzed the health records of 16,134 individuals who tested positive for COVID-19. They reported that high blood pressure was almost twice as prevalent in severe and fatal cases of COVID-19 than in COVID-19 cases overall cases Of the people studied, 48% of severe or fatal COVID-19 cases had high blood pressure while 25% of all people with COVID-19 had the condition. The study findings also included: This risk increased for people with uncontrolled blood pressure despite treatment. The odds of COVID-19 did not change based on the medication given to treat high blood pressure. People with a systolic blood pressure reading of 150 to 159 mmHg were associated with a 91% higher risk of severe COVID-19 when compared to those with a systolic blood pressure of 120 to 129 mmHg. There was no evidence of a higher risk of severe COVID-19 until the reading exceeded 150mmHg. Other findings included: Low blood pressure, which could indicate an underlying disease, was associated with a 40% higher risk of severe COVID-19 when compared to standard blood pressure readings. Those with a history of stroke had a 47% higher chance of severe COVID-19. Those with a history of cardiovascular comorbidities had a 30% higher risk of severe COVID-19. The scientists suggest that other factors could influence the severity of COVID-19 beyond a diagnosis of high blood pressure. For example, individuals with higher systolic blood pressure could be generally less healthy and less active. Their hypertension might have also damaged their cardiovascular system. Blood pressure medications didn’t affect COVID-19 risk “One of the stated purposes of this study was to determine if certain blood pressure medications affected COVID-19 outcomes. They did not,” Dr, David Cutler, a family medicine physician at Providence Saint John’s Health Center in California, told Healthline. Antihypertensive medications were broadly comparable between those with and without severe COVID-19, indicating no correlation between the severity of COVID-19 and the type of high blood pressure medication used. However, statins and anticoagulants were more prevalent among individuals with severe COVID-19. “One of the most useful aspects of the findings was that there was no relationship ascertained between anti-hypertension drug classes and COVID-19 severity,” Dr. Fady Youssef, a pulmonologist, internist, and critical care specialist at MemorialCare Long Beach Medical Center in California, told Healthline. The two major classes of medications to treat high blood pressure are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).   Reducing the risk of severe COVID-19 “In our own families, medical practices, and communities, we may have noticed the same results as the study to be true,” Cutler said. “Those with medical comorbidities are more likely to suffer the effects of COVID. But that is nothing new. We have always noted that older, sicker people are more likely to be hospitalized and die after getting COVID,” he added. “What we can say with certainty is that people with normal blood pressure enjoy fewer health complications than people with high blood pressure,” noted Cutler. Blood pressure and overall health Experts say taking steps to control your blood pressure is essential for reducing your risk of severe COVID-19 and for your overall health. “You can control hypertension with medication, weight loss, healthy eating habits, and not smoking,” Dr. Saurabh Rajpal, a cardiologist at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, told Healthline. “It is also essential to inform your doctor about any family history of heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes,” he added. “In general, people with fewer cardiovascular risk factors generally do better when faced with an infection like COVID.” Experts say controlling your blood pressure is also essential in reducing your chance of dying from a heart attack or a stroke. And now COVID-19 can be added to that list. “But one thing we have learned about COVID is that the most crucial protection from dying of COVID is getting vaccinated,” Cutler said. “Another is taking protective measures to avoid getting COVID in the first place. This will not only prevent dying of COVID, but it may also keep you from getting the chronic complications of the disease, which we know as long COVID.”  

Cardiology News in 2004 published the results of a study in which one or more antibiotic-resistant pathogens were found in 77% of the ECG leads. Therefore, when using repetitive ECG leads, it is very important to clean and disinfect the lead wires.   For reusable ECG leads, we must disinfect and clean them before and after each use to minimize cross-infection. When cleaning, we must strictly follow the usage requirements. Because inappropriate methods may lead to lead wire can not be used or shorten the lead wire life.   Before cleaning the ECG leads, the reusable ECG leads must be removed from the machine. At the same time, care must be taken during the cleaning process, as there is a possibility that the copper wires of the lead wires may be damaged or pulled out.   For general cleaning, use mild soapy water to lightly wipe wires and cables. Then wait to air dry. But in order to achieve the purpose of disinfection, we must use disinfectant water. Regarding the concentration of disinfectant, we must make proportional dilutions in accordance with the APIC Guidelines for the Selection and Use of Disinfectants (1996). 5.2% household bleach, we can dilute it to between 1:500 and 1:10, then soak a soft, lint-free cloth and wring it dry before wiping.   Since the hardware parts at both ends may be corroded when they come into contact with the disinfectant, which will affect the transmission signal, it is necessary to always pay attention not to let the disinfectant splash into the connector during disinfection. After disinfection, wipe off the disinfectant with a clean damp cloth, dry the ECG leads with a clean cotton cloth, and let it dry for at least 30 minutes (the drying time may vary due to different ambient humidity).   When it comes to sterilization of repetitive leads, we usually think of ETO sterilization. If you want to achieve the ideal sterilization effect, you must use ETO sterilization, but frequent use is not recommended, because ETO sterilization will also shorten the life of the lead wire. Sterilization with ethylene oxide gas (ETO) at a maximum temperature of 50°C/122°F is recommended.   Disinfection and sterilization cannot guarantee 100% removal of pathogens on ECG leads. For the intensive care unit, it is recommended to use disposable ECG leads to reduce cross-infection. Yumai Medical provides compatible disposable lead wires, which are compatible with most electrocardiographs on the market. If you need, you can contact us!  

You likely already know that your blood pressure is important, and that it can affect your health in many ways. But what exactly is a healthy blood pressure reading, and what do your blood pressure numbers mean? What do the numbers mean? When a healthcare professional takes your blood pressure, it’s expressed as a measurement with two numbers, one number on top (systolic) and one on the bottom (diastolic), like a fraction. For example, 120/80 mm Hg. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury. That’s what the mm/Hg stands for. Here’s what the numbers mean: Your systolic pressure (the top number) is the pressure of the blood in your arteries when your heart contracts or beats. Your diastolic pressure (the bottom number) is the pressure of the blood in your arteries between beats, when your heart relaxes. Both numbers are important in determining the state of your heart health. Numbers greater than the ideal range may be a sign that your heart is working too hard to pump blood to the rest of your body.   What’s considered a normal reading? For a normal reading, your blood pressure needs to show: a systolic pressure that’s above 90 mm Hg and less than 120 mm Hg, and a diastolic pressure that’s between 60 mm Hg and less than 80 mm Hg The American Heart Association (AHA)Trusted Source considers blood pressure to be within the normal range when both your systolic and diastolic numbers are in these ranges. If you’re in the normal range, no medical intervention is needed. However, it’s important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and moderate weight to help prevent high blood pressure from developing. You may need to be even more mindful of your lifestyle if high blood pressure runs in your family. NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE A normal blood pressure reading for an adult is blood pressure that’s below 120/80 mm Hg and above 90/60 mm Hg.   What’s considered elevated blood pressure? Blood pressure numbers that are higher than 120/80 mm Hg are a warning sign. It means you need to pay attention to your blood pressure and focus on heart-healthy habits. Although these numbers aren’t technically considered high blood pressure, you’ve moved out of the normal range. Elevated blood pressure may turn into high blood pressure, which puts you at an increased risk of heart disease and stroke. ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE When your systolic pressure is between 120 and 129 mm Hg and your diastolic pressure is less than 80 mm Hg, it means you have elevated blood pressure. No medications are necessary for elevated blood pressure. But your doctor may talk with you about the importance of a healthy lifestyle, such as getting regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, and managing your weight. What’s stage 1 hypertension? You may receive a diagnosis of stage 1 hypertension (the medical term for high blood pressure) if:   your systolic blood pressure is between 130 and 139 mm Hg, or your diastolic blood pressure is between 80 and 89 mm Hg However, the AHATrusted Source notes that if you get only one reading this high, you may not truly have stage 1 hypertension. What determines the diagnosis of hypertension at any stage is the average of your blood pressure numbers over a period of time.   Your doctor can help you measure and track your blood pressure to confirm whether it’s too high.   STAGE 1 HYPERTENSION If your systolic blood pressure is 130 to 139 mm Hg or your diastolic blood pressure is 80 to 89 mm Hg, it’s considered stage 1 hypertension.   If you’re at lower risk, your doctor may want to follow up in 3 to 6 months after you’ve adopted healthier habits.   If you’re 65 years or older and otherwise healthy, your doctor will likely recommend treatment and lifestyle changes once your systolic blood pressure is greater than 130 mm Hg.   The treatment for adults 65 and older who have significant health problems should be made on a case-by-case basis.   Treating high blood pressure in older adults appears to decrease memory problems and dementia.   What’s stage 2 hypertension? Stage 2 hypertension indicates a more serious condition.   You may receive a diagnosis of stage 2 hypertension if:   your systolic blood pressure is 140 mm Hg or higher, or your diastolic blood pressure is 90 mm Hg or higher At this stage, your doctor will recommend one or more medications to manage your blood pressure.   Medications aren’t the only treatment for this stage, though. Lifestyle habits are just as important in stage 2 hypertension as they are in the other stages.   STAGE 2 HYPERTENSION If your systolic blood pressure is 140 mm Hg or higher or your diastolic blood pressure is 90 mm Hg or higher, it’s considered stage 2 hypertension.   What’s a hypertensive crisis? A blood pressure reading above 180/120 mm Hg indicates a serious health problem. The AHATrusted Source refers to these high measurements as a “hypertensive crisis.” Blood pressure in this range requires urgent treatment, even if there are no accompanying symptoms. Seek emergency medical treatment if you have blood pressure in this range. You may also have symptoms such as: chest pain shortness of breath visual changes symptoms of stroke, such as paralysis or a loss of muscle control in the face and an extremity blood in your urine dizziness headache However, sometimes a high reading can occur temporarily, and then your numbers will return to normal. If your blood pressure measures at this level, your doctor will likely take a second reading after a few minutes. If your second blood pressure reading is also above 180/120 mm Hg, you’ll need immediate treatment. HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS A blood pressure reading above 180/120 mm Hg is considered a hypertensive crisis and could be dangerous. You’ll need treatment as soon as possible.

With the rapid development of the medical industry today, the development of blood oxygen saturation measurement technology is a fundamental progress. We can accurately measure people's blood oxygen saturation and further help patients treat respiratory diseases. Blood oxygen probes have been widely used in related medical fields. But even the most precise devices are affected by certain environmental and physiological conditions, and of course, blood oxygen probes are no exception. Below, we will briefly discuss some factors that affect the accuracy of blood oxygen probe measurement, and how to mitigate the influence of these factors when measuring.   brightness of light   When an oxygen reading is taken, the oxygen probe clips onto the patient's finger and begins to emit low-infrared light. This light penetrates the skin and counts the number of oxygenated blood cells flowing through the body's veins. At this time, the bright light of the operating environment will dilute the infrared light, making it possible for the sensor to give false readings. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid placing the blood oxygen probe near a bright light source during use.   Probe placement   How the probe is placed during the test can also affect the accuracy of the blood oxygen saturation. Depending on the type of blood oxygen sensor the patient is using, it needs to be securely attached to the patient's finger, toe, or ear for optimal use. Wearing it too loosely or placing it on an inappropriate body part will prevent the light from being transmitted properly, which may also result in incorrect measurements. Please refer to our product instruction manual for more details when using the Umai SpO2 probe.   Nerve blocking drugs   Certain types of medications can also cause the device to read incorrectly. If a patient is taking nerve-blocking or blood-thinning medications, these substances, while great for specific conditions, can also have side effects that affect a person's blood flow. When this flow is lower than the average, the measured blood oxygen saturation data may be abnormal.   increase exercise   The increased amount of exercise during the test can also speed up the patient's blood flow and make it more difficult for the blood oxygen probe to measure accurate blood oxygen saturation. Therefore, patients are advised to sit in a resting position when measuring blood oxygen saturation and avoid walking around while the device is running. Finger and skin condition   Another factor that may affect the accuracy of blood oxygen saturation is the accessories a patient wears on their fingernails, namely fake nails or thick nail polish. These materials can reflect light back to the sensor while the device is still running, preventing it from fully penetrating the finger. Therefore, such patients must clean these items when using the finger-clip oximeter to make the oximeter work properly. Secondly, factors such as skin pigmentation, skin thickness, and skin temperature will also affect the accuracy of blood oxygen saturation.  

What is an exercise electrocardiogram?   An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a simple and quick test to assess the health of the heart. In this test, healthcare workers place electrodes (small plastic patches that stick to the skin) on specific locations on the chest, arms and legs. The electrodes are connected to the ECG machine via ECG lead wires. Then, we can perform ECG measurements. The monitor will display the ECG. Natural electrical impulses coordinate the contractions of different parts of the heart to keep blood flowing properly. An electrocardiogram records these pulses to show how fast the heart beats, the rhythm of the heartbeat, and the strength and timing of the electrical impulses as they travel through different parts of the heart. Changes in the electrocardiogram can be a harbinger of many heart-related diseases.   An exercise ECG is used to assess the heart's response to stress or exercise. In this test, the ECG machine records our ECG while exercising on the treadmill or stationary bike and at certain points during the test the ECG will be tracked to compare the effects of increased stress on the heart. At the same time, the medical staff will regularly increase the treadmill incline and speed to increase the difficulty of the exercise during the test. In the case of a bicycle, we have to go faster to resist the added drag. In either case, we must keep exercising until we reach our target heart rate (as determined by the doctor based on the patient's age and physical condition), or until we are unable to continue due to fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, or other symptoms.   Why do you need an exercise ECG?   Some reasons why a doctor may order an exercise ECG include:   The attending physician believes we may have coronary artery disease (such as a blocked artery in the heart) and need to assess stress or exercise tolerance;   • Identify the sidelines of safe exercise before starting a cardiac rehabilitation program or when recovering from a heart attack (such as a myocardial infarction) or heart surgery;   • Assess heart rhythm and electrical activity during exercise;   • Assess heart rate and blood pressure during exercise or for other reasons;   What are the risks of an exercise ECG?   Is it dangerous to do an exercise ECG? Because the heart may experience a large amount of compound during the test, some people may experience some of the following:   • Chest pain   • heart attack   • Hypertension   • irregular heartbeat   • Dizziness   • nausea   • tired   • fainted   • Cardiac arrest   • Serious heart rhythm problems.   Depending on the specific medical condition, there may be other risks. Therefore, it is best to confirm the specific situation with your doctor before performing an exercise ECG. In addition, certain factors or conditions may interfere with or affect the results of an exercise ECG, including:   • A large meal before the test   • Caffeine before the test   • Smoking or using other tobacco products before the test   • Hypertension   • Electrolyte imbalances, such as too much or too little potassium, magnesium, or calcium in the blood   • Taking certain medications, such as beta-blockers, may have difficulty raising heart rate to target levels   • Have valvular heart disease   • Arrhythmia   How to prepare for exercise ECG?   Before taking the test, we must tell the doctor truthfully if:   o Aneurysm   o Unstable angina (uncontrollable chest pain)   o Severe heart valve disease (dysfunction of one or more heart valves)   o Severe heart failure   o History of recent heart attack (eg, myocardial infarction)   o Severe high blood pressure   o Uncontrolled irregular heartbeat   o Pericarditis (inflammation or infection of the sac surrounding the heart)   o Severe anemia (low red blood cell count)   o Wear a pacemaker       Exercise ECG process   An exercise ECG can be performed in an outpatient or hospital stay. Tests may vary based on our condition and our doctor's specific protocols. Typically, an exercise ECG follows this process:       1. Asked to remove items that may interfere with the test, asked to change into sick clothes and clean the skin;   2 Paste the electrode pads, connect the ECG leads, and enter the identity information.   3 The medical staff will help us put on the blood pressure cuff. The initial ECG and blood pressure readings are taken when we sit on the bike or stand up for exercise.   4 The doctor begins to teach how to walk on a treadmill or use a bicycle. If you start to experience any chest pain, dizziness, lightheadedness, extreme shortness of breath, nausea, headache, leg pain, or any other symptoms during exercise, it is imperative to inform your healthcare provider.   5 Begin exercising at the lowest level. The intensity of the exercise will gradually increase. The EKG machine will take EKG and blood pressure readings at intervals to measure how the heart and body respond to exercise.   6 The length of time we exercise depends on our target heart rate and our own endurance. Exercise duration is also an important part of stress test results. The test may be stopped if severe symptoms such as chest pain, dizziness, nausea, severe shortness of breath, severe tiredness, or increased blood pressure occur.   7 After completing the exercise portion of the test, the healthcare worker will slow down to allow our body to "calm down" to avoid nausea or cramps caused by the sudden stop.   8 When exercise is completed and rest is performed, healthcare workers continue to monitor ECG and blood pressure until normal or near normal.   9 Once the ECG and blood pressure readings return to normal levels, the medical staff will remove the ECG electrodes and blood pressure cuff, and the test is over.     What happens after an exercise ECG?   In general, no special care is required after an exercise ECG. We may feel tired for a few hours or more after the test. Unless it's someone who doesn't normally exercise, we usually get back to normal within a few hours of an exercise ECG. If more than a day, or chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, we need to contact a doctor for examination.  

Brush up on your knowledge of cardiac arrest and you may be able to help save someone’s life.   Cardiac arrest means an absence of cardiac activity — in essence, a person’s heart stops beating. While certain health conditions and other factors increase the risk of cardiac arrest, it can happen to anyone. When someone has cardiac arrest, immediate medical attention — starting with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) — can be the difference between life and death. Here’s what you should know about cardiac arrest, including what to do if someone near you appears to be experiencing it. 1. Cardiac Arrest Is Highly Fatal About 90 percent of people who have cardiac arrest outside a hospital setting don’t survive it, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Since about 350,000 people have cardiac arrest in non-hospital locations each year, that translates to hundreds of thousands of people dying from the condition in the United States annually. “It’s thought that out of deaths in the United States, 13 to 15 percent are due to cardiac arrest,” says Eugene DePasquale, MD, a cardiologist at Keck Medicine of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. That makes cardiac arrest one of the leading causes of death in the country.   2. Cardiac Arrest Survivors Can Face Lasting Health Problems Mild to severe brain injury caused by lack of oxygen to the brain is common in cardiac arrest survivors, who often need intensive rehabilitation once they’re discharged from the hospital, as noted in an article published in the Lancet in October 2021. Between 30 and 50 percent of cardiac arrest survivors experience cognitive deficits as a result, according to an article published in Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience in March 2018. Survivors are also disproportionately burdened by mental illness — about 40 percent have anxiety, 30 percent have depression, and 25 percent have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the aftermath of cardiac arrest. 3. Cardiac Arrest Is Not a Heart Attack When someone collapses because of a heart condition, many people think it's a “heart attack.” But that’s not what cardiac arrest is at all. Cardiac arrest and a heart attack are “completely different,” says Anezi Uzendu, MD, an interventional cardiologist and an American Heart Association volunteer. “With cardiac arrest, the heart stops beating, and you can’t wait for emergency services.” A person will be completely unresponsive, and you need to start CPR right away. In contrast, when someone has a In contrast, when someone has a heart attack — which happens when blood flow to the heart is blocked — they tend to experience symptoms like chest pain and shortness of breath, but they’re still conscious and responsive. It’s important to get immediate medical attention, but unlike with cardiac arrest, no treatment is required prior to arrival of emergency medical services for a heart attack. 4. Cardiac Arrest Can Happen to Anyone Without Warning Not only has Dr. Uzendu studied and treated cardiac arrest, he experienced it himself at age 25, while playing basketball with friends at a gym. “Halfway through a game, I collapsed and didn’t have a pulse,” he says. “The great thing was that people there were trained — they knew CPR, and there was an AED [automated external defibrillator] available. They used the training they had to help save my life.” Uzendu was healthy, considered himself an athlete, and had no medical history that suggested an elevated risk of cardiac arrest. Yet on that day, he would have died without the immediate attention he got first from his fellow basketball players and then from emergency services. In many cases, though, cardiac arrest happens in people with known risk factors. A leading cause of cardiac arrest is coronary artery disease (CAD), according to Dr. DePasquale — a condition that can be treated and controlled. Other health conditions that increase the risk of cardiac arrest include certain arrhythmias (heart rhythm disorders), as well as cardiomyopathies — heart disorders that make it difficult to pump blood throughout the body. 5. Cardiac Arrest Doesn’t Only Happen During Physical Activity In fictional portrayals of cardiac arrest, a character often collapses while performing some kind of physically demanding task. In real life, a person may or may not be doing something physically taxing when cardiac arrest happens. “There has certainly been attention to cardiac arrest among athletes,” says DePasquale. “When that does happen, it gets attention because it’s typically at a venue with a lot of people.” But cardiac arrest “can easily happen when you’re not doing anything or taking it easy,” he adds. While cardiac arrest that happens in public places tends to get more attention, about 7 in 10 cases occur when a person is at home, according to the CDC. 6. CPR Is Critical to Survival in Cardiac Arrest CPR performed within the first few minutes of cardiac arrest can double or triple a person’s chances of survival, according to the CDC. Unfortunately, fewer than half of all people receive CPR from a bystander, according to Uzendu — and the numbers are barely different for people who have cardiac arrest at home versus in public. It’s important for everyone in your household to know how to perform CPR if possible, Uzendu says. “Most of the time cardiac arrest is happening, it’s going to be someone in a household,” so you’re more likely to encounter a loved one who needs CPR than a stranger. Before starting CPR, Uzendu says, you should check to see if the person is responsive by asking if they’re okay and tapping or shaking them. If they’re not responsive, check to see if they’re breathing normally. If not, immediately call 911 and start chest compressions. Hands-only CPR consists of only two steps, according to the American Heart Association: Call 911 and put your phone on speaker (or get someone else to call). Push hard repeatedly, at a moderately fast pace, on the center of the person’s chest. Uzendu laments that many people hesitate to perform CPR because either they don’t know how or when to do it, or they don’t feel comfortable doing it. “If someone doesn’t have a pulse or a heartbeat, you can’t make them worse,” he says. “You need to act.” 7. Anyone Can Use a Defibrillator (AED) In addition to administering CPR, you should use an automated external defibrillator (AED) if one is available. AEDs are available in many public places, including schools and universities, airports and other transit hubs, large offices, malls, grocery stores, and gyms. To use an AED, all you have to do at first is turn the device on. Almost all modern devices are equipped with an audio system to guide you through all the necessary steps, according to Uzendu. Based on the instructions given by the AED, you’ll need to expose the person’s chest and put the device’s pads on it. The device will analyze the person’s heart rhythm and advice to give an electric shock if needed, as many times as needed. Many devices also tell you when to perform or pause CPR. 8. Hospital Care for Cardiac Arrest Is Important, but May Come Too Late The American Heart Association emphasizes that a “chain of survival” is needed for a person to have the best chance of surviving cardiac arrest. The steps in this chain are calling 911, performing high-quality CPR, defibrillation, advanced CPR by medical professionals, hospital care, and recovery. Many different hospital treatments may be promising for cardiac arrest patients, according to Uzendu — including use of an external device to pump blood, inserting a stent to treat any heart blockages, and cooling the person to protect their brain once normal heart rhythm is restored. But doctors are still figuring out how to maximize survival with the tools they have. “A lot of these therapies might not be beneficial in everyone,” says Uzendu. “I think the next phase of research is going to be trying to figure out which patients benefit from which therapies.” 9. Awareness and Prevention Are Key to Reducing Cardiac Arrest Deaths Since coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of cardiac arrest, one of the best ways to reduce cardiac arrest deaths is to make sure people get screened and treated for CAD, according to DePasquale. “Coronary artery disease is something that there are excellent treatments for,” says DePasquale. “There are also risk factors associated with it, such as high cholesterol or hypertension. If you’re seeing your physician regularly, that’s something that could potentially be controlled.” But as much as prevention matters, Uzendu emphasizes the importance of recognizing and responding quickly to cardiac arrest. “Everyone who is able to should learn CPR, how to save a life,” Uzendu urges. “Early defibrillation and bystander CPR can change the trajectory of cardiac arrest.”

Disposable body temperature probes are key to social distancing in hospitals Disposable body temperature probes not only help maintain social distancing but also help reduce PPE use and reduce the risk of contamination. A disposable body temperature probe can be used to monitor body temperature very accurately, usually with a 3 m cable that can be connected to the monitoring device cable, so the patient's temperature can be safely read from a distance across the room.   In hospitals, pre-triage requires a portable patient monitor with a temperature detection function and a long interconnect cable. One end of the cable plugs into a monitor, and the patient can pick up a sterile, disposable temperature probe and place it in their ear or stick it under their arm for measurement. Patients need to be provided with gloves or hand sanitizer for use before and after connecting the probe to the cable to reduce the risk of contamination. After connecting them to a monitor, a nurse can monitor their temperature and ask evaluation questions from a safe distance. This is safer for clinicians and patients.   Because clinicians can perform pre-shunts from a safe distance, they do not need to change PPE between each patient. This saves time, money and valuable hospital resources.   Disposable body temperature probes and long connecting cables are useful not only for pre-social distancing, but also in the ICU. Clinicians can monitor patients continuously to check their temperature and other vital signs, rather than intermittently. They can see the values on the monitor screen in real time at the nurse's station.   Continuous rather than intermittent monitoring of a patient's temperature in the ICU means reduced patient/clinician exposure and the clinician does not need to change personal protective equipment every time his temperature is checked.   Using a disposable body temperature probe and inserting it into a multi-parameter patient monitor provides more accurate readings and reduces patient exposure. This is safer for patients because it is more accurate and safer for clinicians.   Surface temperature sensors, cavity temperature sensors, and universal probes are ideal for continuous temperature monitoring in the ICU and all other rooms equipped with patient monitors.   If a patient monitor is not available in all rooms, the transport monitor can be placed in an unequipped room. If a patient monitor is not available in all rooms, the transport monitor can be placed in an unequipped room. Constant temperature monitoring can help save lives.   Features and Advantages of Pray-med Disposable body temperature probe: • Pass biocompatibility tests. • International famous brand temperature sensor, accurate, stable, fast reaction speed. • The maximum allowable error is ±0.1℃ within the measurement range. • Body temperature probes are made of medical-grade materials, and the sensors are fully enclosed, waterproof and moisture-proof. • Mylar film and foam on the back of body probe to prevent interference from external heat sources. • Gold plated hardware surface, better connectivity, to ensure stable signal transmission. • The materials used are latex free

Invasive blood pressure monitoring: Invasive blood pressure monitoring is a commonly used technique in intensive care units and is also frequently used in operating rooms. The technique involves inserting a catheter into the appropriate artery and then displaying the measured pressure waves on a monitor. The most common reason for using intra-arterial blood pressure monitoring is to obtain successive continuous monitoring of the patient's blood pressure, and to display a graph of pressure versus time, as a waveform.   There are a variety of invasive blood pressure monitors for trauma, intensive care, and operating room applications. These include single pressure, dual pressure and multiple parameters (ie pressure/temperature).   The components of an intra-arterial monitoring system can be divided into three main parts:   - measuring equipment   - Transducer   - Monitor.   The measurement device consists of an arterial cannula connected to a tube containing a continuous column of saline that conducts pressure waves to the transducer. The arterial line is also connected to an irrigation system consisting of a bag of saline that is pressurized to 300 mmHg through the irrigation device.     There are advantages to IBP monitoring.   • Continuous "sequential" blood pressure monitoring is very beneficial in patients who may experience sudden changes in blood pressure (eg, vascular surgery). These patients may be those who require close blood pressure control or receive medications to maintain blood pressure, such as those receiving cardiotonic agents such as epinephrine.   • This technology can accurately read blood pressure at low pressures.   • Mainly for patients who may require close monitoring of blood pressure for extended periods of time, eg, ICU patients to avoid trauma caused by repeated inflation of the cuff.   • Intravascular volume status can be estimated by observation or device-specific waveform analysis for arterial pressure trajectory shape.   • Invasive blood pressure measurement can accurately assess blood pressure in some patients who are not suitable for non-invasive blood pressure monitoring, such as patients with severe peripheral edema or morbidly obese patients in the ICU.   • Indwelling arterial cannulae facilitate repeated arterial blood sampling.     Disadvantages of IBP Monitoring   • Arterial catheters are a potential focal point of infection, although the frequency of infection in arterial catheters is much lower than in venous catheters, especially central venous catheters.   • Catheter arteriosus may lead to local thrombosis, which may cause emboli to travel down the limb or cause arterial occlusion (rare if the catheter has been flushed with saline and an appropriate vessel has been selected). The radial, femoral, and axillary arteries are commonly used, as well as the podia, posterior tibial, and dorsal pedis arteries. Because the brachial artery is a terminal artery without collateral blood supply, and brachial artery occlusion can result in a loss of blood supply to the arm, the brachial artery should be avoided when possible.   • If the drug is inadvertently injected into the artery, crystals may form and cause catastrophic ischemia of the limb. All arterial lines should be clearly identified and color-coded (usually with a red stripe) to avoid confusion. At the same time we must keep in mind that the drug should never be administered through the artery.   • Implementation of an arterial blood pressure monitoring system can be difficult and time-consuming, especially if the patient is in shock. This can lead to distraction from other, more urgent issues.   • Monitoring equipment, spare parts and cannula are expensive compared to non-invasive blood pressure monitoring methods.   • Arterial monitors require power, which limits their usefulness in certain environments.

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a major health concern that comes with very little symptoms. This can make it difficult to diagnose, and if left untreated can cause serious complications like stroke, heart disease and more. According to a new national survey of by the Heart & Stroke foundation, almost 1,000 health experts found the increasing rates of high blood pressure in Canada to be a significant issue. "High blood pressure is preventable from following a healthy lifestyle." The lack of awareness, detection and eventual treatment — almost certainly made worst by the pandemic — were identified as areas for improvement. "Right now, almost eight million adults in Canada (about one in four) are affected by high blood pressure. As the population ages, this number will only rise as hypertension almost certainly increases with age," Dr. Sheldon Tobe, a nephrologist at Sunnybrook Hosptial in Toronto, told Yahoo Canada. "And it's crazy because high blood pressure is preventable from following a healthy lifestyle." Read on to learn more about high blood pressure, its risks and how to prevent the condition.   What is high blood pressure? According to Tobe, "blood pressure is the pressure that's in our blood vessels that is created by the action of the pumping of the heart." For most people, normal blood pressure levels should be around 140/90 mmHg or lower, or less than 130/80 mmHg for people who have diabetes, as per the Government of Canada. However, having high blood pressure is pressure that's above the norms. This can lead to our blood vessels wearing out, and can cause permanent damage to our organs. To help people understand the effects of high blood pressure over time, Tobe gives the "garden hose" analogy. "The aging process leads to narrowing of the arteries that contributes to the higher blood pressure. I always give an analogy to my patients that if we tighten the nozzle on a garden hose, the pressure rises. And as we age, our arteries tend to get smaller leading to progressive rises in blood pressure," he explains.   How does lifestyle affect high blood pressure? According to Tobe, our lifestyle dramatically impacts our ability to develop high blood pressure. Specifically, the health expert reveals that the food we eat and how much we exercise can be key contributors to the condition. "If our lifestyle and diet is full of sodium — remembering that 80 per cent of the sodium in our diets comes from fast food and processed foods — it's like we're turning the tap on for that garden hose, pushing more volume into the hose and raising the pressure," Tobe says. "And if we don't exercise our body and stay fit, or if we're sedentary, we're causing premature aging or narrowing of our blood vessels." "Often, there are no glaring signs and symptoms of high blood pressure until it's too late." Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, Tobe adds that many more people have become more sedentary — particularly the elderly who can "least afford" to lose what fitness they had. Moreover, the expert says there's been "a lot more" alcohol consumption than there once was, which also drives high blood pressure. What are the signs and symptoms of high blood pressure? "Unfortunately, one of the only ways we know if someone has high blood pressure is by diagnosing and measuring it," says Tobe. "Often, there are no glaring signs and symptoms of high blood pressure until it's too late, and that's why it's known as the silent killer. Despite the fact that most people with high blood pressure have no symptoms, the Government of Canada notes that dizziness, headaches, vision problems and shortness of breath can be possible warning signs. Because many people were unable to see their healthcare providers in the thick of the pandemic, Tobe adds that a large number of people went undiagnosed. "People who were locked down and who developed high blood pressure during the pandemic have largely gone undiagnosed by their doctors, which is concerning," he explains. "And the longer it takes from undiagnosis to treatment, the harder it is to keep under control." What are the risks of having high blood pressure? There are plenty of risks of having high blood pressure. Specifically, Tobe notes the condition can lead to other more serious health concerns. "As a healthcare professional, high blood pressure is one of the reasons why people have a loss of kidney function that ends up leading to dialysis. More scary than that, uncontrolled high blood pressure is a major cause of stroke, that robs patients of their cognitive abilities and precludes to dementia," he says. "Uncontrolled high blood pressure is a major cause of stroke, that robs patients of their cognitive abilities and precludes to dementia." Health Canada adds that high blood pressure puts people at a greater risk for heart disease, loss of brain function and loss of eyesight. What happens if high blood pressure goes untreated? Similar to the risks, if high blood pressure goes untreated it can lead to heart problems, stroke, kidney disease, blindness, dementia and erectile dysfunction. "To me, it's almost worse than death," Tobe says. "If gone untreated, all the blood vessels in the body are wearing our prematurely. All our important organs are becoming damaged. And it's all preventable!" How can I prevent high blood pressure? "To prevent long-term effects of high blood pressure, it's important that we diagnose it. Go to your doctor frequently to monitor your levels," Tobe suggests. If you cannot get to see your doctor or a healthcare professional easily, you can go to the pharmacy and measure your levels on a self-serve blood pressure device. Or, you can buy a blood pressure device to measure your levels at home. Additionally, a key way to help prevent high blood pressure is to keep physically active. "Physical activity for 40 minutes four or more days of the week is recommended. If someone has a disability, any sort of movement is great. But something is better than nothing, so even getting up and walking for five minutes a day is much better than being sedentary," Tobe suggests. The nephrologist also recommends people watch what they eat and drink. "Consuming salt and alcohol in moderation is best," he explains. informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Contact a qualified medical professional before engaging in any physical activity, or making any changes to your diet, medication or lifestyle.

Based on the blood oxygen sensor technology and testing principle, some specific situations will affect the reading of blood oxygen saturation and cause errors. Instead of a medical oximeter, there may be more misreadings due to the uneven blood oxygen sensor technology and the unprofessional operation of the user. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently signed a safety notification to inform healthcare practitioners and the public that pulse oximetry is limited and inaccurate in certain circumstances.   The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased use of pulse oximeters. A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine in late 2020 suggested that the device may be less accurate in people with hyperpigmented skin. Although in most cases these inaccurate measurements may be of little clinical significance, these inaccurate monitoring still carry the risk of missing hypoxia. The FDA notes that it is important to understand the limitations of pulse oximetry and how to calculate and interpret the accuracy.   This safety advisory includes several recommendations for healthcare practitioners, including being aware that a variety of factors can affect the accuracy of pulse oximetry readings, such as skin pigmentation, poor circulation, skin thickness, skin temperature, current use Tobacco and nail polish. Consult the device label or manufacturer's website for the accuracy of a specific brand of pulse oximeter and oximeter, as different brands and sensors may have different levels of accuracy. According to the notification, pulse oximeters are least accurate when blood oxygen saturation is below 80 percent.   Health care workers should consider factors affecting accuracy when using pulse oximeters for diagnostic and treatment decisions. The FDA safety communication states that pulse oximeter readings should be used as an estimate of oxygen saturation and, where possible, diagnostic and treatment decisions should be based on trends in pulse oximeter readings over time, rather than absolute thresholds . The FDA also noted that it only reviews medical pulse oximeters for accuracy, not non-medical oximeters for general health or exercise/aviation purposes.   The safety newsletter also provides advice for patients and caregivers who are monitoring their condition at home, including how to take readings, how to interpret them and when to contact a healthcare worker.   For the best pulse oximetry readings, the FDA recommends following the product manufacturer's instructions. When placing the pulse oximeter, make sure your hands are warm, relaxed, free of nail polish and that your fingers are below your heart. Also, keep your body still and especially don't move the pulse oximeter to ensure accurate readings. Record the oxygen level when the reading shows a steady number and the date and time of the reading to track changes in readings and tell your doctor.   When recording readings, patients and caregivers should be aware that we may need to contact our physicians when blood oxygen levels are lower than previous measurements or gradually decrease over time. Although some patients with low oxygen levels may have no symptoms, the FDA urges patients monitoring oxygen saturation at home to be aware of the following symptoms of low oxygen levels:   Unusual color of face, lips or nails.   shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or a worsening cough;   restless and uncomfortable;   chest pain and fast heartbeat   The FDA notes that over-the-counter products that can be purchased in stores or online are not intended for medical purposes. According to the Safety Communications, the FDA is committed to continuing to evaluate the safety, efficacy and availability of medical devices, especially those in greater demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, the FDA is evaluating published literature on various factors that may affect pulse oximetry readings and performance, with a focus on literature that is less accurate due to skin pigmentation. Based on these new findings, the FDA may re-evaluate the pulse oximetry guidance document.  

Biosensors, future trends Affected by this new crown pneumonia, personal health has become everyone's concern. Many people care about disease prevention, while others seek ways to maintain their health. Regardless of intent, each of us has a healthy lifestyle. Fortunately, the rise of wearables has allowed us to monitor our health like never before.   Through the use of precise wearable biometric sensor systems, today's wearables can collect and analyze personal data, such as heart rate and sleep patterns, in real time. Wearables are growing in popularity among tech and sports enthusiasts, with one in three people in the U.S. using a wearable device.   Many biometric sensors currently on the market have proven to be accurate, flexible, and scalable to a variety of products, such as smartwatches, earbuds, and armbands. Thanks to technological innovations in microcontrollers (MCUs) and system-on-a-chip (SoCs), new wearable devices can now measure not just basic biometric data, but also continuous glucose monitoring, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) Features such as monitoring and mood and stress monitoring are becoming more popular and will be widely adopted by the general public.   Overall, biometric solutions are rapidly gaining popularity as they are ideal for a wide variety of IoT products and applications. With the advancement of biosensor technology, we can benefit from the following aspects.   Continuous blood oxygen saturation monitoring   Many wearables, such as smartwatches and fitness trackers, are already measuring basic health information, such as heart rate and steps taken. However, advances in blood oxygen probe technology have enabled wearables to provide more continuous and comprehensive monitoring. American circuit designer and manufacturer Maxim recently released a new wrist-based system designed to continuously monitor blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels and heart rate variability. Oxygen saturation measures the amount of oxygen in the blood, providing insights into sleep patterns, heart health and breathing function. As biometric measurements become an integral part of our lives, how these measurements are performed is evolving rapidly. Apple's AirPods, for example, are expected to integrate ambient light sensors (ALS) into their next-generation devices, which would provide a less intrusive way to monitor user health.   Improve mental health monitoring   In addition to basic biometric data, wearables are also beginning to collect more complex information, such as anxiety and stress, to improve our mental health. Some next-generation products even promise to measure the emotional state and stress levels of their users. Spire is one such wearable device. He tracks breathing patterns and physical activity to reduce stress and increase productivity. The device can be clipped to a piece of clothing (a shirt or belt) and sense changes in breathing patterns and the user's mental state. Wearables of the future will be able to provide more insights into our physical and mental health. These wearable devices are becoming more commonplace, and even doctors and mental health professionals around the world are using these technologies.   Real-time blood pressure monitoring   It is well known that high blood pressure is harmful to health. However, monitoring blood pressure is not an easy task. Because it is difficult for an individual to properly wear a blood pressure cuff for measurement and the blood pressure cuff needs to be calibrated regularly. Blood pressure technology has taken a huge leap forward thanks to advances in biometric sensors. This year, biometrics company Valencell introduced the world's first calibration-free and cuffless blood pressure technology. By integrating this technology into consumer wearables and hearables, we can take real-time blood pressure measurements every day. We can measure our blood pressure while listening to music or watching a performance without the people around us knowing.

Pulse oximeters are used to assess patient oxygen status in a variety of clinical Settings and have become an increasingly common monitoring device. It provides continuous, non-invasive monitoring of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in arterial blood. Its results are updated with each pulse.   Pulse oximeters do not provide information about hemoglobin concentration, cardiac output, efficiency of delivering oxygen to tissues, oxygen consumption, oxygen recharge, or degree of ventilation. They do, however, provide an opportunity to immediately notice deviations from a patient's oxygen baseline as an early warning sign to clinicians to help prevent the consequences of desaturation and detect cyanosis from hypoxemia before it occurs.   It has been suggested that increasing the use of pulse oximeters in general wards may make them as common as thermometers. However, staff reportedly had limited operational knowledge of the device, and little was known about how it worked and the factors that might affect readings (Stoneham et al. 1994; Casey, 2001).   How does pulse oximeter work?   In contrast to reduced hemoglobin, pulse oximeters measure the absorption of light at specific wavelengths in oxidized hemoglobin. Arterial oxygenated blood has a red color due to the mass of oxygenated hemoglobin it contains, which allows it to absorb certain wavelengths of light. The blood oxygen probe has two light-emitting diodes (leds) on one side of the probe, one red and one infrared emitting tube. The probe is placed in a suitable part of the body, usually a fingertip or earlobe, and the LED transmits light wavelengths through pulsating arterial blood to a photodetector on the other side of the probe. Oxygenated hemoglobin absorbs infrared light; Reduced hemoglobin glows red. Pulsatile arterial blood during systole causes oxygenated hemoglobin to flow into the tissue, absorbing more infrared light and allowing less light to reach the photodetector. The oxygen saturation of the blood determines the degree of light absorption. The results were processed on the oximeter screen into a digital display of oxygen saturation, denoted by SpO2 (Jevon, 2000).   Pulse oximeters are available in a variety of manufacturers and models (Lowton, 1999). Most display with visual digital waveforms, audible arterial beats and heart rate displays, and a variety of sensors to suit the age, size or weight of the individual. The choice depends on the Settings in which it is used. All personnel using pulse oximeters must be aware of their function and proper usage.   Arterial blood gas analysis is more accurate; However, having recognized its limitations, pulse OXImetry is considered accurate enough for most clinical purposes.   Factors affecting the accuracy of readings   Patient Status - To calculate the difference between capillaries and empty capillaries, blood oxygen saturation is measured by light absorption through multiple pulses (usually five) (Harrahill, 1991). To detect pulsatile blood flow, adequate perfusion must be performed in the monitored area. If the patient's peripheral pulse is weak or absent, the pulse oximeter reading will be inaccurate. Patients at high risk for hypoperfusion are those with hypotension, hypovolemia and hypothermia and those in cardiac arrest. Patients with a cold but not hypothermia may have vasoconstriction in the fingers and toes and may also impair arterial blood flow (Carroll, 1997).   If the blood oxygen probe is fixed too tightly, nonarterial beats may be detected, creating venous beats in the finger. Venous pulsations are also caused by right-side heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation (Schnapp and Cohen, 1990), and tourniquet of the blood pressure cuff above the probe.   Cardiac arrhythmias can lead to very inaccurate measurements, especially in the presence of significant cusp/radius defects (Woodrow, 1999).   Intravenous dyes used in diagnostic and hemodynamic tests may result in inaccurate and often low oxygen saturation estimates (Jenson et al., 1998). The effects of skin pigmentation, jaundice or elevated bilirubin levels should also be considered.   Proper use of pulse oximetry involves more than just reading the digital display, since not all patients with the same SpO2 have the same amount of oxygen in their blood. A saturation of 97% means that 97% of the total hemoglobin in the body is filled with oxygen molecules. Therefore, the interpretation of oxygen saturation must be done in the context of the patient's total hemoglobin level (Carroll, 1997). Another factor that affects oximeter readings is how tightly hemoglobin binds to oxygen, which may vary with various physiological conditions.   External Influences - Because pulse oximeters measure the amount of light transmitted through arterial blood, bright light directly shining on the oximeter (whether artificial or natural) may affect the reading. Dirty sensors (Sims, 1996), dark nail polish (Carroll, 1997), and dry blood (Woodrow, 1999) may affect the accuracy of readings by obstructing or altering the light absorption of contact probes.   Optical shunting affects accuracy and can occur when the sensor is incorrectly placed in order to allow light to reach the photodetector directly from the LED without crossing the vascular bed.   The sensor may shift and shift due to rhythmic movement (e.g., Parkinson's tremor, seizures, or even shivering), which may cause inaccurate readings. Movement and vibration can also make it difficult for pulse oximeters to determine which tissue is pulsing.   False high readings - Pulse oximeters give false high readings in the presence of carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide binds hemoglobin 250 times more strongly than oxygen, and once fixed prevents oxygen from binding. It also turns hemoglobin bright red. Pulse oximeters cannot distinguish between hemoglobin molecules saturated with oxygen and those carrying carbon monoxide (Casey, 2001). Smokers also consistently get falsely high readings - readings up to four hours after smoking are affected (Dobson, 1993). Other sources of carbon monoxide include fire, vehicle exhaust inhalation, and prolonged exposure to high flow environments.   There is also evidence that anemia can lead to falsely high readings (Jensen et al., 1998).   The dangers of using finger probes   Continuous use of blood oxygen probes may cause blisters on the finger pads and pressure damage to the skin or nail bed. Continuous use of the probe also poses a risk of burns, and the probe should be repositioned every two to four hours (MDA, 2001; Place, 2000).   Woodrow(1999) suggested that patients may not be able to alert staff to any discomfort and potential burns if the probe is placed on a paralyzed limb.   Like any other form of monitoring, pulse oximetry is an adjunct to care. Care should always focus on the person and not the machine. The accuracy of routine pulse oximetry should not be taken for granted, and nursing and medical staff should be aware that this technology will only benefit patients if those using it are able to use the device properly and understand the results proficiently.  

As a non-invasive but most valuable diagnostic tool, 12-lead ECG records the electrical activity of the heart as a waveform. If a doctor can accurately interpret an ECG, it can detect and monitor a variety of heart conditions -- from arrhythmias to coronary heart disease to electrolyte imbalances. Much progress has been made in the recording and interpretation of electrocardiograms since the first one was published in 1903. Today, the 12-lead ECG remains a standard diagnostic tool for paramedics, EMTs, and hospital staff.   The 12-lead ECG records information from 12 different perspectives, giving a complete picture of the electrical activity of the heart. We can think of it as 12 different faces of an object interwoven, and we can interpret the ECG to tell a story about the heart. The 12 views collect information by placing electrodes or small sticky patches on the chest (pre-cardiac area), wrists and ankles. These electrodes are connected via an ECG wire to a machine that records the electrical activity of the heart.   Why do we need a 12-lead ECG   The primary purpose of a 12-lead ECG is to screen patients for possible cardiac ischemia. It can help hospital staff quickly identify patients suffering from myocardial infarction, or heart attack, and perform appropriate medical interventions based on initial readings.   12 lead electrocardiogram electrode placement   In order to accurately measure the electrical activity of the heart, it is essential to place the electrodes correctly. In a 12-lead ECG, 12 leads were calculated using 10 electrodes.   Chest (precardiac area) electrodes and placement   » V1 - Fourth intercostal space on the right margin of the sternum   » V2 -- Fourth intercostal space on the left margin of the sternum   » Between V3-V2 and V4   » V4 - Fifth intercostal area of the midclavicular line   » V5 - Anterior midaxillary line and V4   » V6-midaxillary line is at the same level as V4 and V5   Limb (limb) electrodes and placement   » RA(Right arm)- Any position between right shoulder and right elbow   » RL(Right leg)- Anywhere below the right torso and above the right ankle   » LA(Left arm)- Anywhere between left shoulder and left elbow   » LL (Left leg) - Anywhere below the left torso and above the left ankle Instructions on placement of 12-lead ECG:   Limb leads can also be placed on the upper arms and thighs. However, the position should be uniform, that is, if the click is placed on the right wrist, the left should also be placed on the wrist,   For female patients, the V3-V6 lead was placed under the left breast.   Do not use the nipple as a reference point for placing male and female electrodes, as the nipple position varies from person to person.   12-lead transmitte   Leads are a glimpse of the electrical activity of the heart from a specific Angle. In short, a lead is a perspective. In a 12-lead ECG, 10 electrodes provide 12 perspectives of cardiac activity using different angles through two electrical planes (vertical and horizontal).   Vertical plane (front leads) :   By using four limb electrodes, six frontal leads that provide information about the vertical plane of the heart can be obtained:   I lead Lead II III lead Lead aVR Lead aVL Of aVF lead   Leads I, II, and III require both negative and positive electrodes (bipolar) for monitoring. On the other hand, the enhanced leads -AVR, aVL, and aVF -are unipolar and require only one positive pole for monitoring.   The Einthoven Triangle   The Eindthoven triangle explains why there are six leads instead of four limb electrodes.   The principle behind the Einthoven triangle describes how electrodes RA, LA, and LL record cardiac electrical activity associated with themselves through leads aVR, aVL, and aVF, and how they correspond to each other to form leads I(RA to LA), II(RA to LL), and III(LL to LA).   As a result, they form an equilateral triangle. It is therefore known as the Einthoven triangle, after William Einthoven, who invented the first practical electrocardiogram. Where, RL is neutral (also known as the zero point of the measured current). The RL does not appear in ECG readings, but is considered a ground wire that helps reduce ECG artifacts.   Horizontal plane (transverse lead)   By using six chest electrodes, six transverse guide links are obtained that provide information about the heart level: V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6. The transverse lead is unipolar and requires only one positive terminal. The negative terminal of all six leads is located in the center of the heart. The results were obtained by electrocardiogram calculation.   Preparation before ECG   1. Patient posture l Remove electronic devices (e.g. smartphones) from the patient. These devices can create artifacts (interference) and cause problems with readings.   l Place client in supine or semi-Fowler position.   l With your arms flat at your side, have the patient relax his shoulders and keep his legs uncrossed.   l For patients who cannot lie comfortably on the bed or examination table due to their size, cross your arms over your abdomen to reduce muscle tension and movement.   l The patient should remain quiet throughout the test.   2. How to reduce significant artifacts l Mild ECG artifacts are not uncommon. However, we can reduce further interference by taking the following steps:   l Turn off non-essential electrical equipment and equipment in the vicinity whenever possible.   Check cable loops and avoid laying cables near metal objects to avoid affecting the signal.   Check wires and cables for cracks or breaks. Replace as needed.   l If possible, use a current suppressor on the power supply.   l Ensure the connection between the patient's ECG cable and the device, carefully checking the gap between the connectors.   3. Prepare the skin   l Keep skin dry, hairless and oil free. Shave any hair that may interfere with electrode placement. The electrode should be in full contact with the patient's skin.   l To ensure electrode adhesion and reduce skin oil, alcohol gauze can be used to wipe the electrode placement area.   The electrical resistance is reduced by touching the soft skin before the electrode is placed, and this will help ensure that the electrical signal from the heart is transmitted to the electrode.   l To ensure the effectiveness of monitoring, it is necessary to maintain a quiet and temperature appropriate environment to prevent sweating.   4. Electrode application l Ensure electrode conductive gel is fresh and well moistened. Dry electrodes with insufficient gel can reduce the conduction of ECG signals. Often, electrode gels dry out as a result of incorrect storage. Therefore, the electrode should be stored correctly according to the product instructions.   l Do not place electrodes on bones, incisions, irritated skin, and skin on body parts where there may be a lot of muscle movement.   l Use the same brand of electrodes. The different composition of the electrode sheet may prevent accurate ECG tracking.

Berlin, Germany: Pulse oximetry is an unreliable method for spotting people suffering with carbon monoxide poisoning and it should not be used for this purpose, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis presented today (Tuesday) at the European Emergency Medicine Congress [1].   Carbon monoxide is one of the most common causes of poisoning death in the world [2]. It can be successfully treated with oxygen. However carbon monoxide poisoning can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are similar to common infections such as flu.   Researchers say more work is now needed to find a quick and effective method for diagnosing carbon monoxide poisoning.   Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless gas that can be produced when fuels burn in a poorly ventilated space, for example in a faulty or poorly maintained boiler or gas cooker. When people are exposed to carbon monoxide, it enters their bloodstream via the lungs. Carbon monoxide attaches to haemoglobin – the molecule that normally transports oxygen around the body and this can result in the body being starved of oxygen.   Carbon monoxide poisoning can be detected with a blood test that measures the proportion of haemoglobin that is bound to carbon monoxide.   The new findings were presented by Dr Mathilde Papin from the emergency department at Nantes University Hospital in France. She said: “If we suspect carbon monoxide poisoning, we want to be able to treat patients quickly with oxygen in the ambulance or in the emergency room, and that means we need a test that can be done immediately onsite. A blood test is reliable, but not practical.”   Pulse oximetry is a quick and easy test where a monitor, usually placed on the fingertip, can measure a patient’s pulse and gauge the proportion of their blood that is loaded with oxygen (called oxygen saturation). It is used to monitor patients with lung conditions such as asthma or chest infections.   A lower level of oxygen saturation might also indicate that a patient has been exposed to carbon dioxide, which is displacing the oxygen in their blood. However, Dr Papin added: “The use of pulse oximetry to check for carbon monoxide poisoning in research and in clinical practice has given mixed results.”   To gain a clearer picture, Dr Papin and her colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. They searched for all previous medical trials that compared pulse oximetry with blood tests in patients or healthy volunteers, including adults and children, and found 19 such studies. The researchers were able to combine the results from 11 of the studies, including data on more than 2000 people, to compare the accuracy of the two testing approaches.   This showed that pulse oximetry was able to correctly detect positive cases (the true positive rate or “sensitivity”) 77% of the time. It could correctly identify negative cases (the true negative rate or “specificity”) 83% of the time. Its overall accuracy was 86%.   Dr Papin told the Congress: “At 23%, the false negative rate with pulse oximetry is too high for reliably triaging patients with suspected carbon monoxide poisoning. This method is not accurate enough and should not be used in clinical practice.”   The researchers now plan to evaluate an alternative method for more rapid screening of levels of carbon monoxide in the small blood vessels (capillaries).   Professor Youri Yordanov from the St Antoine Hospital emergency department, APHP Paris, France, is Chair of the EUSEM 2022 abstract committee and was not involved in the research. He says: “After systematically assessing all the available evidence on the topic, this research team suggests that using pulse oximetry as a tool for diagnosing carbon monoxide poisoning is not a reliable method for this purpose. Other screening methods need to be developed and evaluated, and in the meantime, we must rely on a combination of symptoms, evaluating the likelihood of exposure to carbon monoxide and blood tests.”  

It has been shown that 36.5 ° C to 37.5 ° C is the average core temperature of the human body and must always be stable, as changes in core temperature may lead to significant changes in vital signs. For example, during anesthesia surgery, hypothermia can lead to a variety of postoperative complications: Clotting disorders Decreased metabolic rate Angina pectoris arrhythmology Ischemic tissue injury Myocardial infarction Therefore, the use of temperature probes for temperature monitoring during anesthesia surgery and continuous monitoring of postoperative patient temperature is particularly important. In today's healthcare industry, disposable temperature probes are preferred over reusable ones, depending on the benefits and convenience of disposable products in medical activities. Disposable medical devices are meant to be used for only one operation on one patient and then should be discarded immediately to reduce hospitalisation. The key to the reuse of reusable medical instruments is to take necessary measures. Doctors and nurses must clean, disinfect and sterilize the instruments according to the instructions or manuals. Working principle of disposable temperature probe: The probe for temperature measurement contains a high-precision thermistor, which is a negative temperature resistor. Its impedance changes with the external temperature. The monitor converts the impedance changes of the thermistor into electrical signals and calculates the temperature value through conversion. Normally, the body keeps its temperature within the normal range through its own thermoregulatory system. Temperature detection is an important part of clinical medical work. Temperature variation has very important clinical significance for diagnosis, diagnosis and analysis of curative effect, which can not be ignored. Scope of application for patients The rectum Reflects the temperature of the hypoperfusion organ It is beneficial to patients with spinal anesthesia and sedation The skin The most commonly used measurement of peripheral temperature site center temperature and peripheral acral skin temperature The difference was used to judge the severity of shock  Characteristics and advantages of pray-med disposable body temperature probe The product passes the biocompatibility test to avoid the risk of allergy. Imported temperature sensor, accurate, stable, fast reaction speed. The maximum allowable error is ±0.1℃. The casing of the body cavity probe is of medical grade material, fully enclosed design, waterproof and moisture-proof. The surface is smooth and more Easy to implant in the body cavity. Mylar and foam on the back of the body surface probe prevent interference from external heat sources. Gold-plated terminals ensure reliable and durable connection. Do not contain latex Classification of pray-med Medical disposable temperature sensors Disposable rectal (intraluminal) temperature probe Disposable surface temperature probe    

Does the size of the cuff affect the accuracy of blood pressure readings? The answer is yes, a new study has found that the wrong size of a blood pressure cuff may affect the accuracy of blood pressure readings and, in turn, the accuracy of medical diagnoses. Blood pressure cuffs come in different sizes, and health care providers should use the cuff that best fits the patient's arm size. In one study, researchers found that when they used routinely smaller sized cuffs on patients with larger arms, they often produced highly inaccurate measurements. In patients with "oversized" arms, blood pressure cuff measurements increased systolic blood pressure by an average of 20 points. In fact, one study found that 39 percent of study participants were misdiagnosed with high blood pressure because the cuff size was too small. On the other hand, when a loose cuff was used to measure blood pressure in adults with smaller arms, the measurement was 4 percentage points lower than normal. While this wasn't as significant as the effect of the tight cuff, it still made a significant difference: The study found that using a cuff that was too loose led to a misdiagnosis of high blood pressure in 22 percent of study participants. Accurate blood pressure measurement is common, both in health care Settings and at home, and requires the right steps to use, including choosing the right cuff size.   Cuff size is also important for home blood pressure monitoring. Some home health devices come with cuffs that fit multiple arm sizes. There are also monitors with oversized cuffs -- and of course, they can cost a lot more than other devices. Cuff size isn't the only problem, though. People using home monitors need to pay attention to position (sit up straight, feet on the floor, arms at chest level) and time (measured after using the bathroom, after sitting for five minutes). It is important to keep these steps in mind. If you are using a blood pressure monitor at home, it is recommended to have the device and cuff size calibrated regularly by a professional to ensure accurate readings are obtained.

Three reasons for recommending the use of disposable ECG leads   Preventing infection has long been a top concern for clinicians, who have struggled to stop the spread of germs in patient populations. With studies showing high levels of bacterial contamination in certain reusable medical consumables, U.S. hospitals have increasingly turned to single-patient monitoring consumables such as disposable noninvasive blood pressure cuffs, disposable oxygen probes, and disposable cardiac conductance wires. Of course, many hospitals continue to use many other low-cost reusable supplies.   Therefore, the use of disposable ECG leads can prevent the risk of infection. In addition to this, the use of disposable ECG is recommended for three reasons:   1. Improve patient care and satisfaction Consumer-oriented health care trends and the role of patients in deciding where to receive care have intensified competition among health care provider organizations. Medical institutions want to provide the best possible service to their patients and strive to be recognized as high quality in their communities. As a result, these institutions put patient care and safety first in every choice they make. This includes the use of the best quality capital equipment as well as the best quality accessories. High quality disposable ECG wires can enhance the quality and safety of nursing services in patient medical institutions. As patients become increasingly concerned about nosocomial infection rates and complications, it becomes even more important to avoid getting infected from using repetitive supplies.   2. Clinical efficacy and employee satisfaction   Another disadvantage of reusable ECG wires over disposable ECG is their durability and reliability. The internal wires wear down over time, causing an inaccurate ECG. Clinicians may spend a lot of time and effort looking for a faulty monitor that is actually caused by a faulty ECG wire.   When the ECG fails, the clinician must remove the ECG wire and replace it with a new one, which may prolong care and cause increased discomfort for the patient. It is important to note that reducing patient exposure can improve patient satisfaction and reduce the risk of hospital admission.   After one study found that one-time ECG leads to significantly lower error rates than repetitive ECG leads, the researchers concluded that one-time ECG "saves nurse time, reduces error rates, and improves patient safety."   3. Standardization and economy of supply   Health systems and hospitals are increasingly working to standardize supplies to reduce complexity and cost. By standardizing a brand of disposable ECG wires, the inventory management process can be simplified while reducing storage requirements.   In conclusion, the use of disposable ECG leads can bring profound benefits to hospitals, doctors, nurses and patients.

Indications/Contraindications The Nellcor Adult SpO2 Sensor, model DS100A, is indicated for use when continuous noninvasive arterial oxygen saturation and pulse rate monitoring are required for patients weighing greater than 40 kg. The DS100A is contraindicated for use on active patients or for prolonged use. It is not designed for long-term monitoring. It must be moved every 4 hours (or more often, if indicated by circulatory status and/or skin integrity) and reapplied to a different site. If long-term monitoring is required, use an OxiMax oxygen sensor (MAXA, MAXAL, or MAXN) or an Oxisensor II sensor (D25, D25L, or N25), depending on patient age and size, and instrument compatibility.   Instructions for Use Use this sensor only with Nellcor instruments and instruments containing Nellcor oximetry, or with instruments licensed to use Nellcor sensors (Nellcor-compatible instruments). This sensor integrates Nellcor OxiMax technology into its design. When connected to an OxiMax-enabled instrument, this sensor uses OxiMax technology to provide additional advanced sensor performance features. Consult individual manufacturers for features and compatibility of particular instruments and sensor models. Reusable sensors may be used on the same site for a maximum of 4 hours, provided the site is inspected routinely to ensure skin integrity and correct positioning. Because individual skin condition affects the ability of the skin to tolerate sensor placement, it may be necessary to change the sensor site more frequently with some patients.

The three-year epidemic has changed the ecology of many industries, and also changed the wealth map on the rich list. For example, Zhang Yong and his wife, the bosses of Haidilao, fell to the top of Singapore’s richest man last year, and they were replaced by Li Xiting, the founder of the “Medical Equipment Mao” Mindray Medical (300670.SZ), the protagonist of Ji Today.   Not only that, with the half of May, the annual reports of most A-share listed companies have been disclosed. In the list of listed company chairman remuneration, Li Xiting ranks first, with an annual salary of 25.3349 million yuan.   In fact, with Mindray Medical's performance and a market value of nearly 400 billion yuan, Li Xiting's salary level is not worth making a fuss about. According to the financial report data, Mindray Medical's total revenue in 2021 will be 25.27 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20.18%; the net profit attributable to the parent is 8.002 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20.19%. ／ 01 ／What does the rise of "medicine mao" depend on? The current management style of a company is often inseparable from the successful experience of its founders, as is Mindray Medical.   In the early 1990s, Li Xiting, who was 40 years old at the time, took Xu Hang, Cheng Minghe and others to leave Shenzhen Anke, which is known as the "Whampoa Military Academy" for domestic medical equipment, and founded Mindray Medical.   At first, Mindray, who had no foundation, could only be engaged in the agency of foreign medical equipment, but after accumulating some funds, Li Xiting, who was born in technology, was determined to take the road of independent research and development. However, the research and development of medical devices has great requirements for capital investment. The company was once in financial difficulties and relied on the Shenzhen government to come forward to overcome the difficulties. Since then, in order to solve the problem of shortage of research and development funds, in 1994, when the domestic venture capital industry was in the ascendant, Li Xiting went to Wall Street to raise funds and successfully obtained 2 million US dollars of venture capital. This has improved Mindray's international vision and development ideas.   The first product developed by Mindray Medical is a "single-parameter blood oxygen saturation monitor". At that time, this product was not outstanding compared with foreign products, and Mindray was still a new brand with limited competitiveness. As a result, Mindray Medical chose to start from low-tier cities, taking high cost performance as its competitive advantage, and "surrounding cities from rural areas", and gradually gained a firm foothold.   Since then, although the development of Mindray Medical has had twists and turns, the core concept of the company's business development has been determined and has been adhered to until now.   First, insist on self-development and be willing to invest money. In recent years, Mindray's R&D expenses have accounted for about 10% of its total revenue, and the growth rates are above double digits. In 2020 and 2021, the growth rates will reach 27.54% and 35.03%, respectively, exceeding revenue growth. Second, make good use of capital operation to help the company develop. This is evident from the fact that Mindray Medical was listed in the United States as early as 2006. Since then, Mindray Medical has operated a series of mergers and acquisitions, based on which a wide range of product layouts and technological breakthroughs have been achieved.   Third, continue to promote the strategy of "encircling cities from rural areas", from China to the world. At present, Mindray Medical has firmly established its position as the domestic leader and is moving from domestic to international. This trend was rapidly promoted in the early stage of the outbreak due to the surge in foreign demand.   In this regard, Li Xiting once said: "It turns out that some of the top hospitals in Western Europe and North America that we could not enter have entered through this epidemic." However, judging from the 2021 annual report, Mindray Medical's domestic business accounted for 60%, and this proportion was 52.84% in the same period in 2020. In contrast, Mindray's international business growth in 2021 seems to be less than ideal, with the proportion dropping from 47.16% to 39.61%. Therefore, whether Mindray Medical can gain a firm foothold in the international market through the epidemic is currently being questioned by the market.   In fact, not only in the international market, but also in the grasp of domestic epidemic opportunities and the "Sword of Damocles" in centralized procurement, which have also added a lot of uncertainty to the future of Mindray Medical. What is the specific situation? It starts with the three main businesses of Mindray Medical.   ／ 02 ／High-end still needs to break through Mindray Medical's main business is divided into three parts, namely life information and support, in vitro diagnosis (IVD) and medical imaging. To put it simply, the products in the field of life information and support mainly include monitors, anesthesia machines, ventilators, etc.; the products in the field of in vitro diagnosis mainly include blood cell detection, biochemical analysis and detection, chemiluminescence immunoassay, etc.; the main products in the field of medical imaging include: Color Doppler, MRI, Ultrasound, etc.   The 2021 annual report shows that the life information and support revenue reached 11.153 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.92%, accounting for 44.14% of the revenue; the in vitro diagnostic business achieved revenue of 8.449 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase 27.13%, accounting for 33.43%; medical imaging achieved revenue of 5.426 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 29.31%, accounting for 21.47%.   From the growth of main products, it can be seen that the reason for the low growth of the life information and support segment is affected by the sluggish growth of monitors.   Under the leadership of Li Xiting, Mindray Medical's first self-developed product was a monitor. Since then, thanks to the acquisition of the old American company Datascope in 2008, Mindray has achieved the first domestic market share and the third international level in the field of monitors, and is the representative of Mindray in the field of high-end products.   However, monitor growth is currently stagnant, and the reason for this is that the market has limited room for growth. From 2009 to 2019, the domestic penetration rate only increased from 20% to 30%, and the ceiling is within reach. The most high-end products have the worst growth, which has to be said to be a headache for Mindray Medical.   In fact, among the three major businesses, the market size in the field of in vitro diagnostics is the most impressive and the ceiling is also the highest. According to public data, the global in vitro diagnostics market in 2019 was worth US$71.4 billion (about 500 billion RMB), maintaining a compound growth rate of 4.87% from 2014 to 2019. Among them, chemiluminescent reagents are the most impressive.   However, Mindray Medical started late in this field and launched its first chemiluminescence immunoassay system in 2013, losing its first-mover advantage. At present, 80% of the domestic chemiluminescence market is occupied by the four foreign giants (Roche, Abbott, Siemens, and Beckman), and the rest of the market is divided up by domestic companies such as Mindray Medical, New Industries, and Antu Biology.   Of course, although Mindray Medical entered the market late, it has developed rapidly with its channel advantages. In order to control costs and improve gross profit margins, Mindray Medical also acquired Haiti Biological, the upstream raw material supplier of the global in vitro diagnostic head, with 4 billion yuan in cash last year.   It can be seen that Mindray Medical is ambitious in the field of in vitro diagnostics, trying to replicate the development path of monitors in the past.   However, times have changed, and although Li Xiting has immigrated to Singapore, the company still cannot escape the storms of the domestic market.   On July 30, 2021, there was rumors of centralized procurement of medical equipment in Anhui, and Mindray plunged 8.44% that day. Then, on August 19, Anhui released the "Announcement on Negotiating Negotiations for Centralized Procurement of Clinical Test Reagents in Public Medical Institutions in Anhui Province", taking the lead in opening the procurement of provincial clinical test reagents in bulk. The next day, in vitro diagnostic companies plunged in panic, and Mindray Medical plunged 17.05%, the largest single-day drop in its A shares.   The highly anticipated in vitro diagnostic business was poured cold water, and the panic in the market is understandable. In fact, in the long run, although "centralized procurement" will dilute profits, for Mindray, which is in a weak position in the market, it may also be an opportunity for it to realize import substitution.   In general, Mindray Medical's individual products or sectors have encountered certain troubles, but in the context of new domestic medical infrastructure, the overall demand for medical devices is still there. Mindray, as the leader of the domestic industry, its overall performance growth is still expected to continue. . From the perspective of investors, after the sharp adjustment, has this big white horse stock of medical equipment hit the bottom?     / 03 / The market value of 230 billion has evaporated, and institutions are still hesitating In the current sluggish capital market environment, if compared with Hengrui Medicine, the leader in pharmaceutical stocks, the performance of Mindray Medical, the "pharmaceutical weapon", is barely acceptable.   As of the close on May 17, Mindray Medical's share price was fixed at 302.8 yuan per share, with a total market value of about 365 billion yuan. Compared with the highest point of 502 yuan per share in July last year, it has dropped by 39%, and the total market value has evaporated by more than 230 billion yuan. And Hengrui Medicine fell from 97.23 yuan/share to the current 29.93 yuan/share, a drop of nearly 70%. In fact, Mindray Medical and Hengrui Medicine, as the leader of medical equipment and the leader of innovative drugs respectively, can have such performance, which is related to the characteristics of their respective industries.   The medical device industry is different from the pharmaceutical industry. If the latter develops a new drug, the performance growth brought by it is often immediate, showing a pulse-like effect. The medical device industry where Mindray is located is different. Medical device products often have a long service life. The replacement of equipment requires a process, and the growth rate is slow but relatively stable. On Mindray Medical, its performance growth in recent years has been stable, and the growth rate is not slow. In the context of more than a year, the performance is better than traditional medical star stocks such as Hengrui Medicine, Aier Eye, WuXi AppTec and Changchun High-tech.   After all, a long-term stable performance growth of more than 20% corresponds to a dynamic PE of more than 40 times, which is not expensive.   On the other hand, Mindray Medical has been the focus of institutional research in recent years, especially the number of reception institutions has exceeded 3,000 for two consecutive years, ranking first in A-shares. Data shows that more than 550 institutions have recently conducted research on Mindray, and their attention has not diminished. Of course, it should be noted that although institutions are still concerned, Mindray's stock price is still in a downward channel.   Research is research, and many institutions seem to be hesitating when it comes to real money. After all, the current megatrend is known to remain fraught with uncertainty.   With the decline of Mindray's share price, Li Xiting's net worth evaporated by more than 35 billion yuan in one year. But he seems more open to the ups and downs of the stock market.   "Listing is for financing development, not for making money for individuals," said Li Xiting.   In an interview with the media, Li Xiting was optimistic about Mindray's capital situation. "There is no bank loan, and there are nearly 20 billion cash in the account. The construction of the company's bases is all its own funds."   This may also be the basis for Mindray's continued investment in research and development. However, judging from the financial report data, at the end of the first quarter of this year, the company's total monetary capital was 14.898 billion yuan, down 10.51% year-on-year. At the end of 2021, it was 15.361 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 3.17%, the first decline since landing A shares.   This trend does not seem to be as optimistic as Li Xiting's performance.   Of course, overall, Mindray Medical's performance growth is still relatively stable, and it has few competitors in the domestic market. "Minray learns Roche, and the whole country learns Mindray" is not empty talk. However, this also shows from the side that Mindray Medical, which has grown through "surrounding cities from rural areas", still needs to continue to work hard if it wants to truly gain a foothold in the international market, especially to develop more high-end products. With tens of billions of cash in hand, anything is possible.   Disclaimer: The content of the article is for reference only, the information or opinions expressed in the article do not constitute any investment advice and do not assume any responsibility for any actions taken due to the use of this article.            

http://www.disposablespo2sensor.com/ Updated: Sept 06, 2021   Exhibition Introduction Exhibition time: Oct 13.2021-Oct 16.2021 Opening hours：09:00-18:00 Exhibition address: Baoan District, Shenzhen International Convention and Exhibition Center Our booth:3Q19   China International Medical Equipment Exhibition CMEF Autumn Exhibition is referred to as Autumn Medical Expo. It is held twice a year. The exhibition is held in Shanghai National Convention and Exhibition Center, Beijing, Chongqing, Qingdao and other cities. CMEF Medical Expo is very influential in the world. Strong medical equipment exhibition.   CMEF was founded in 1979. The 84th CMEF exhibition in 2021 will have an exhibition area of 300,000 square meters and more than 5,000 exhibitors, an unprecedented scale.   The scope of exhibits at the China Medical Equipment Exhibition CMEF includes medical imaging, medical testing, in vitro diagnostics, medical optics, medical electronics, hospital construction, smart medical,Tens of thousands of product technologies and services in the entire industrychain such as smart wearable products.   In order to give full play to the leading role of the integrated platform, the organizer has innovatively launched more than 30 sub-industry clusters on the exhibition site in recent years, such as artificial intelligence, CT, nuclear magnetic, operating room, molecular diagnosis, POCT, rehabilitation engineering, rehabilitation aids, and medical ambulances. Focus on displaying the latest scientific and technological achievements of the industry.     China Medical Equipment Exhibition includes two parts: exhibition and forum. After more than 40 years of development, it has developed into an international leader covering the entire medical equipment industry chain, integrating product technology, new product launches, procurement trade, brand communication, scientific research cooperation, and academic forums. , A global comprehensive service platform integrating education and training.   Exhibitors scope The cmef medical expo has set up a total of 12 special theme pavilions:   1. The medical imaging area, medical optical equipment area, and medical electronic equipment area gather the domestic radiology, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, digestive endoscopy, thoracolaparoscopy, hysteroscopy, urology, ear, nose, and throat orthopedics and other general indoor endoscopy systems and New technologies in the fields of related surgical instruments, supporting cleaning and disinfection products, information systems, etc., New product display.   2. Smart medical exhibition area   3. In Vitro Diagnostic Zone   4. The disinfection and sensing control area brings exhibits such as decontamination equipment, endoscope cleaning workstations, purification engineering equipment, water treatment equipment, sensing control indicators, as well as an overall solution for the disinfection supply center for a wide range of medical equipment.   5. In addition to the traditional high-value consumables and low-value consumables, the medical consumables area also includes transcatheter interventional valves, interventional biological heart valves, branched aortic stent grafts, coronary drug-eluting stents, orthopedic implants, and drug washes. New products such as balloon catheters and hollow fiber membrane hemodialysis filters are displayed.   6. The Rehabilitation and Home Nursing Theme Pavilion gathers more than 100 well-known domestic and foreign companies in the entire industry chain of rehabilitation treatment, rehabilitation engineering, sports rehabilitation, home medical treatment, welfare aids, and Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment.     This is a grand event that showcases the latest scientific and technological achievements in the medical industry. We look forward to meeting you at the Autumn Medical Expo！